Spotify inojoinha masevhisi ekutepfenyura anodzikisa huwandu hwenziyo dzese. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira zvakanyanya mukurwisa mimhanzi yemazuva ano isina simba renji.
Nzira nhatu dzinowanzozivikanwa dzekuyera ruzha parizvino dBFS, RMS uye LUFS. Nepo dBFS ichiratidza huwandu hwepamusoro hweyakapihwa ruzha wave, RMS iri padyo nekuona kwevanhu sezvo inoratidza avhareji yevhoriyamu. LUFS inofanirwa kuratidza maonero emunhu akatendeka zvakanyanya, sezvo ichipa huremu hwakawanda kune mafambiro ayo nzeve yemunhu inonyanya kunzwa, i.e. yepakati nepamusoro (kubva pa2 kHz). Inotarisawo kushanduka kwezwi, i.e. misiyano pakati pezvikamu zvine ruzha uye zvinyararire zvemasaisai eruzha.
Chikamu cheLUFS chakavambwa muna 2011 seimwe yezviyero zveEuropean Broadcasting Union, mubatanidzwa wemaredhiyo neterevhizheni nenhengo dzinobva kunyika makumi mashanu neimwe uye kunze kweEurope. Chinangwa chechikamu chitsva chaive chekuishandisa kumisikidza mwero weruzha rweterevhizheni neredhiyo, nekukurudzira kukuru kuri misiyano mikuru yeruzha pakati pezvirongwa nekushambadzira, semuenzaniso. Huwandu hwepamusoro hwe -51 LUFS hwakagadzwa seyeyero nyowani.
Ehe, redhiyo ishoma sosi yemimhanzi nhasi, uye masevhisi ekutepfenyura uye zvitoro zvemimhanzi zvepamhepo zvakanyanya kukosha kune referensi vhoriyamu inogadzirwa mimhanzi. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti hunhu hwakaderera hwakayerwa pane yakakura sampu yenziyo kubva kuSpotify muna Chivabvu kupfuura kare. Yakadzikira kubva -11 LUFS kuenda -14 LUFS.
Spotify ndiyo yaive yakanyanya ruzha sevhisi yekufambisa kusvika zvino, asi ikozvino nhamba dzave kuvhara mumakwikwi mumhando yeYouTube (-13 LUFS), Tidal (-14 LUFS) uye Apple Music (-16 LUFS). Uku kudzikiswa kwepamusoro-soro uye kukwirisa kwevhoriyamu mumaraibhurari emimhanzi yose kunofanirwa kukanganisa zvakanyanya imwe yemaitiro akaipisisa mukugadzirwa kwemimhanzi mumakumi mashoma emakore apfuura - hondo dzine ruzha (volume war).
Dambudziko guru rehondo dzeruzha riri mukumanikidzana kwakanyanyisa uye kudzikiswa kwesimba rinochinja, kureva kuenzanisa vhoriyamu pakati pezvikamu zvakanyarara uye zvine ruzha zverwiyo. Sezvo kana ukadarika imwe vhoriyamu panguva yekusanganisa (kuona chiyero chevhoriyamu pakati pezviridzwa zvega uye kupesvedzera chimiro chenzwi razvo senzvimbo, zvichingodaro) kukanganiswa kwenzwi kwaizoitika, kudzvanya inzira yekuwedzera vhoriyamu inonzwisisika pasina chikonzero chekuwedzera. volume chaiyo.
Mimhanzi yakagadziridzwa nenzira iyi inokwezva kutariswa zvakanyanya paredhiyo, terevhizheni, kushambadzira masevhisi, etc. Dambudziko rekumanikidza zvakanyanya rinonyanya kurira mumhanzi unonetesa kunzwa uye pfungwa, umo kunyange neimwe nzira inonakidza musanganiswa inogona kurasika. Muzviitiko zvakanyanyisa, kukanganisa kuchiri kuoneka paunenge uchiedza kuwana nzwisiso yakanyanya kujeka panguva yekugona.
Hazvisi chete zvinotanga zvinyoronyoro zvine ruzha zvisingaite (gitare rimwe chete acoustic rine ruzha senge bhendi rese), asi ndima dzaizobuda pachena dzinorasikirwa nemabatiro adzo uye hunhu. Izvi zvinonyanya kucherechedzwa kana kutsikirirwa kunoitwa kuenzanisa ndima dzine ruzha kune dzakanyarara uyezve kuwedzera huwandu hwese. Zvinotogoneka kuti kuumbwa kwacho kuine huwandu hwakanaka hwesimba, asi ruzha rwaizobuda musanganiswa (nguva pfupi - mavambo ezvinyorwa, kana vhoriyamu ichikwira zvakanyanya uye ichidzikira zvakafanana zvakanyanya, yobva yadzika zvishoma nezvishoma). "kugurwa" uye pane yavo chete kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nekuderedzwa kwekugadzira kweiyo ruzha wave iripo.
Zvichida muenzaniso wakakurumbira wemhedzisiro yehondo dzeruzha ndiyo iyo album Rufu Magnetic naMetallica, ane vhezheni yeCD yakakonzera nyonganyonga munyika yemimhanzi, kunyanya ichienzaniswa neiyo album version yakazobuda mumutambo. gitare Hero, yakanga isingaite kunge yakadzvanywa zvakanyanya uye yaive nekushomeka kushoma, ona vhidhiyo.
[su_youtube url=”https://youtu.be/DRyIACDCc1I” wide=”640″]
Sezvo LUFS ichitora simba renji muaccount uye kwete kungoita vhoriyamu yepamusoro, track ine yakakwira simba renji inogona kuva nemheremhere yakanyanya kupfuura track yakadzvanyirirwa uye ichiramba ichichengeta kukosha kwakafanana kweLUFS. Izvi zvinoreva kuti rwiyo rwakagadzirirwa -14 LUFS paSpotify hachizochinjika, nepo rwiyo rwunoita serwakanyanya kudzvanywa ruchanyaradzwa zvakanyanya, ona mifananidzo pazasi.
Pamusoro pekudzikisa vhoriyamu pabhodhi, Spotify zvakare ine vhoriyamu yekusimudzira basa inogoneswa nekusarudzika - paIOS inogona kuwanikwa mumaseti ekutamba pasi pechinhu "normalize vhoriyamu" uye padesktop muzvirongwa zvepamberi. Iwowo maficha (achangodaidzwa Odhiyo Tarisa) yaifanirwa kuve imwe yenzira huru dzekurwisa zvakanyanya kudzvanywa mumhanzi muTunes, uko inogona kuvhurwa nekuvharwa (iTunes> Zvaunofarira> Kutamba> Tarisa Kunzwika; muIOS Zvirongwa> Mumhanzi> Equalize Vhoriyamu) uye muTunes Radio yakavambwa muna 2013 apo yaive imwe yezvinhu zvesevhisi uye mushandisi akange asina sarudzo yekuidzima.
Iyo yakaderera dynamic range inogara ingori sarudzo yekutengesa?
Mhedzisiro inobvira yehondo yeruzha yakataurwa nezvayo yakawanda, uye yakatanga nguva pfupi yapfuura mushure mekunge iyo label yatanga kushandiswa pakutanga. Zvinoita sekuti izvi zvinofanira kunge zvichidiwa nevateereri, sezvo vachizokwanisa kunakidzwa nemimhanzi ine simba guru uye ruzha rwakaoma pasina kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nekudzvinyirira kwakanyanya. Hazvina mubvunzo kuti hondo dzeruzha dzakapesvedzera zvakadii kusimukira kwemhando dzemazuva ano, asi chero zvazvingava, kune dzakawanda dzadzo ruzha rwakakora rune diki diki diki hunhu hune hunhu kwete husingadiwi.
Iwe hautombofanire kutarisa mhando dzemhando dzakanyanyisa, kunyangwe yakawanda yehip-hop uye mimhanzi yakakurumbira inotsamira pane punchy beats uye inogara iine vhoriyamu mazinga. Somuenzaniso, album Yeezasi Kanye West anoshandisa ruzha rwakanyanya sekunaka kwake, uye panguva imwecheteyo, haavavarire zvachose kutanga kuita muteereri - pane zvinopesana, ndeimwe yemapurojekiti asingasviki eiyo rapper. Kune mapurojekiti akadai, kudzikamisa uye kuderedzwa kwevhoriyamu hakugone kutariswa kuve nemaune, asi zvakadaro rudzi rwekudzora rusununguko rwekugadzira.
Kune rimwe divi, iyo yekupedzisira kudzora vhoriyamu ichiri mumaoko emuteereri pane yavo chaiyo mudziyo, uye kukosha kwekuwedzera vhoriyamu zvishoma kune mamwe chaiwo mimhanzi mapurojekiti ekukwanisa kuvandudza ruzha rwemhando yekugadzirwa kwemimhanzi mukati. general haaite kunge yakawandisa yemutero.
Ichi chinyorwa chakanaka kwazvo! Chokwadi uye unyanzvi. Basa rakanaka!
Ini ndinobvuma pasina kurwadzisa kuti ndakaipuruzira nekukasira, asi handina chokwadi chekuti ndiri kuigadzirisa.
Ndinofanira kudzima otomatiki vhoriyamu kutonga kwese kwese, nekuti zvikasadaro izvo zvandinoteerera zvichave zvakakanganiswa?
Parizvino tinayo nekuti vamwe vaimbi vanosheedzera uye vamwe vakanyarara uye vari kuedza kusvika paavhareji yevhoriyamu?
Kukanganiswa kuchaitika mupfungwa yekuti mamwe makwara anogona kunyarara, nepo mamwe achiwedzerwa. Zvirinani neApple, haifanire kukanganisa kunaka kwekurekodha pachayo.
Unogona kutaura izvozvo.
Uye sei kwete Apple?
Nekuti akabudirira "mastering engineer" (Bob Katz) akazviedza (akazvimiririra neApple, hongu) ndokuti vanozviita nemazvo :-)
aha
Handifarire kunyararirwa nekukwidziridzwa kudaro. Iko kukanganisa uye, pamusoro pezvose, kudzvanywa kwehutsinye kwevhidhiyo kunotyisa chaizvo! Ndiko kuchinja chaiko kwekuteerera. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, ndine dambudziko rekuti mimhanzi yese inoratidzika kwandiri seyakareba kwazvo pasina shanduko huru. Ndaifunga kuti yaingova mimhanzi yetsvina. Zvisinei, kana vachikwanisa kuzviita mubasa, saka zvakanaka.
Kukanganiswa kwaunoreva kunokonzerwa nekudzvanyirira kwakanyanya panguva yekugona, kureva kuti mimhanzi isati yasvika munhau/internet/etc. Ini handizive nezvekutepfenyura masevhisi ekumanikidza mimhanzi nenzira iyi kana ichijairisa vhoriyamu, kunyangwe ichiitika dzimwe nguva paredhiyo. Asi, poindi yekunyararidza inofanira kunge iri yekukurudzira huwandu hukuru hwemarekodhi akaburitswa.
Uye parizvino zvirinani kudzima kuenzana kwevhoriyamu muSpotify, kana zvakafanana neApple?
Ini ndinokurudzira chinyorwa chekare, chakareba uye chine zvimwe zvitsauko:
http://diit.cz/clanek/road-to-hell-aneb-jak-vydavatele-poskozuji-technickou-kvalitu-hudby/36091
Ndatenda, ndanyatsonzwisisa zvirinani, handizive kana imhaka yekuti ndakaverenga nekungwarira, kana nekuda kwerondedzero :-)
Izvi zvimwe hazvisi zvepano, asi ndingafarire maonero ako. Mamwe mafirimu e iTunes ane nhaurirano yakanyudzwa nemimhanzi yekumashure. Izvi zviri normal here kana kuti ndiri kutosangana nematsi. Retirement pamusuwo?
Pamwe ndiri benzi, asi ndodzima here kana kuti pakuenzanisa vhoriyamu?
Zviri kwauri :-) ...kana ndisiri kukanganisa, zvinongofanira kukanganisa vhoriyamu chete, kwete dhizaini renji kana zvimwe zvinhu zvemumhanzi.
Kana mumwe munhu akateerera mimhanzi pa iPhone kana Beats zvigadzirwa, vangave vasina hanya, hapana mumwe wavo anogona kubereka zvakarekodha zvepakutanga akatendeka kunyange ivo pachavo. Beats ndeye parody yemahedhifoni, izvi zvinoshandawo kune mitsetse yepamusoro, basa riri nani zvikuru remari imwechete richapihwa neBOSE/B&OBeoplay, yeWired Koss/Sennheiser. Iwo akanakisa Libratone kana Audeze Mheni mahedhifoni haasati akwanisa kuenderana nemhando yekuberekesa mahedhifoni ane 3.5mm jack iyo inodhura yechitatu. Iyo Audeze inofananidzwa neavhareji inopihwa neSamsung ine 24-bit DAC mumafoni ayo, iyo DAC muSony's Xperia Z uye XZ nhevedzano iri nani zvakanyanya. Mimhanzi mafoni akaita seV11/V20/G6/Axon haisati yapfuurwa, kunyangwe mafoni akashata-anotungamirwa nemimhanzi seLenovo A7010 kana Marshall London akawana zvakaringana Wolfson WM8281, iyo ichiri yakaderera-mutengo Vibe X3 ine musanganiswa weOPA1612+ Saber 9018C2M, hapana iPhone ine mheni inogona kuenzanisa kuti mahedhifoni haakwanise kuenzana kana zano. Waya kodeki yeIOS haina kana kuenzaniswa neyekare BT4.x pamwe neSBC, BT5.0 + Aptx oder LDAP inofamba mamaira pamberi pe iPhone 7.
Ini handingakurudzire Koss yekuteerera kwakanaka, nekuti mabhesi avo akatsva uye treble inovhara 1/2 yeruzha. Uye mutsauko weiyo dhizaini renji (nekudaro nzeve dzisina kuneta, nezvimwewo) iwe unoziva zvakare pane izvo shitty Beats... :)
Koss The Plug, Porta Pro uye Marley Positive Vibration ndiyo yakanakisa mahedhifoni pasi pechuru ... zvinoenderana nezvaunoteerera, kune rumwe rudzi rwe "mimhanzi" pamwe iyo UR20 yakakodzera, kunyangwe ivo vasina neodymium magnets. . Kurova kwe8 litres kunogona kunge kwakafanana mutyairi dhayamita sePorta Pro yeXNUMX litre, asi maPorts achiri nani kuteerera, kunyange kana tsoko dzine lollipop uye Shakira mune playlist vangasazvibvuma. :/
Sekuona kwangu, madoko anotyisa chaizvo, asi Koss ichiri nani pane mamwe matombo akaputirwa. Ini ndanga ndichifunga nezve kusanganiswa kwe "nokutendeka kuburitsa zvakarekodha epakutanga" uye Koss, hazvifambi zvakanaka pamwechete :)
Iwe unogona zvakare kutenga chimwe chinhu kubva kuSennheiser kweinenge rita uye ini ndine hunhu hwakaringana
Zviteshi zvakanakisa pamutengo uye hapana anozondiudza nezvazvo, ini handizvishandise pakuteerera ini, ndinoparadzira ruzivo kuburikidza nehurukuro, nekuti mumutengo wePort, kunze kweMarley Positive Vibrations, zvese zviri s. **t.
Vanhu vanokwanisa kuteerera mimhanzi paMarshall Major II, idzi dzinotyisa dzinonzwa. :) Ndicho chikonzero ini ndinokurudzira Senn kune waya zvakare kune vane ruzivo uye vakangwara, uye vasina waya mumutengo weBeatshnoje, ndinosarudza Bose / Beoplay. Unogona kuwana zviyamuro zvekunzwa zvisina waya nekushanda kwakanaka kune yakawanda MEElectronics Matrix2, vanhu vacharamba vachitenga Marshall Major II BT kubva kuDatart panzvimbo yezvishandiso zvekunzwa.
Zvakadini neVsonic GR07?
Ndakarambidzwa auto-nejager uye becher nekuti ndakadzokorora kugadzirisa typos mune zvinyorwa... saka ndichaedza kuigovera zvakare:
Ini ndinonyora manhamba muzvinyorwa kudzivirira iyo autoban (kuremekedza)
Ini handivazive uye handina kumbobvira 88 vakawana mukana wekuva navo munzeve dzangu makumi manomwe nenomwe ...
1) Usatenda izwi raFrantišek Bín, anoenda kumari, anosundira marara anoshamisa muongororo yake senge // yepakati-kirasi mahedhifoni, kune rumwe rutivi, wongororo yepakati-yekupedzisira vatambi vega vane DAC iri nani. vari balanced, ikoko nyangwe achizvitendera kupihwa chiokomuhomwe, vatambi ivavo 90 haagone kuita makuhwa nekuti hapana nzvimbo yakawanda, munhu wese anomuseka. :)
2) Otík Šéne anobva kuHN anoedza kuva nechinangwa mukuongorora kwake mahedhifoni, asi kuongorora kwega kwega kunoenderana nekuda kwekunzwa kushoma kana nekuti mapenzi edhita 43 anoteerera chero zvavanoda pairi, pavanenge vasiri kutsanangura zvakananga kubva kune dzimwe nyika. Chandinoonga pamusoro paOtík ndechekuti akateerera nziyo mbiri: Smetana naMetallica, anonyora ongororo yakavakirwa pa67 inoteerera kubva kune yakaderera mimhanzi inoridza / iPhone, anogona kupa zano rakanaka kubva pakuona kwemutengiwo zvake.
Ini ndaizosarudza iyo RHA T20i, tarisa amazon de uye ebay com, iwe uchawana mutengo wakafanana we76 seVsonic, ingangoita hafu yemutengo weT20i muCZ eshops. :)
3) Mune ekunze HiFi ezines nemagazini, chiokomuhomwe chinobhadharwa sekupenga, vapepeti veko vanokopa zvinyorwa zvekunze, vazhinji vevapepeti veko 1992 havana kana dzidzo shoma yehunyanzvi, kunzwa, kugona, hapana. 89 Inogona kunzwika seyechinyakare, asi edza kunyora wongororo yeamplifier kana iwe usingazive izvo zvekutanga zvemagetsi, hauna kumbobvira wavaka transiwatt tw 40, hauvhure chivharo chebhokisi rejunction, haugone kunyora (Y ndeyechokwadi) mhando yezvikamu. Mupepeti ane ruzivo anobva aona zviri pamberi pake mushure mekubvisa chivharo nekuteerera kunosimbisa fungidziro kana kupfupisa kuti mainjiniya akatadza kushandisa zvinogoneka zvehw.
4) Kana iwe ukadzokera kumashure kubva kune zvinodiwa zvekugadzira, kune zviuru makumi maviri zveCZK unogona kutenga yekuteerera seti kumba iyo yakaenzana katatu kana kashanu inodhura zvikamu, asi iwe unofanirwa kuziva zvaunoda, usasarudza anogamuchira ne. DLNA/AirPlay tsigiro uye batanidza aya matekinoroji mutsetse-mukati sebhokisi rekunze raunogona kutenga paBay kwezviuru zvishoma.
5) Handizivi kuti sei muAppStore, ndine purogiramu yekuedza huwandu hwekunzwa paXZ, kana iwe ukabatanidza ma-headphones akakodzera, unogona kuedza nyore mararamiro ako.
6) Kana mumwe munhu aida kunyengetedzwa kuna 66 Kossy, maviri kana matatu zvidimbu zvezano:
tenga pa eBay 8879
768 ane mamodheru eUS akatumirwa
Sarudzo yakangwara inhoroondo zvidimbu, 456 izvo zvinowanzoitika
Ndichaona zvandingawana. Ini handina mahedhifoni izvozvi. Ndakanga ndiine maGR07 ndikadzitenga nekuda kwewongororo uye yakashanda zvakanaka isati yadyiwa nenguruve.
Ndiri kuteerera Dead Can Dance pairi, saka inogona zvakare kutamba uye iwe unogona kutaura mutsauko.
sei muchiti marshall major ii maheadphones anotyisa?
Vanotamba semabhora makumi matanhatu nemapfumbamwe,- kubva kuSapa.
Munhu anorumbidza zvikepe anobva ati MM II ndinotamba sedombo for 69... Ndave nemakore matatu nehafu pagore ndiine MM, ruzha rwakapetwa katatu, mitengo yacho inofananidzwa ne porta pro
Ingori kuti hauna, MM II ihoax yevanhu mapenzi, Ports inotamba kakawanda zvirinani. MM haishande kune simbi zvakare. Kana iwe wakatenga iyo Marley Positive Vibrations pachinzvimbo cheMM, iwe zvakare unonakidzwa neruzha rwuri nani pane neruzha pad, iyo MM inonzwika yakashata seyakawanda yeBeats modhi mutsara.
Mabheti mahedhifoni anodhura zvakanyanya anonzwika zvakanyanya. Zvikasadaro, ini handibvumirane newe, ndine ese madoko uye mm II kumba. Ndakateerera kuburikidza neangu sony discman uye muzvikamu zvose zvemitengo inotamba zvakanaka. Pamwe iwe wakaedza yakashata mm II pa mp3 ine 128 bitrate kana iwe ndiwe wakabvisirwa ..
Makorokoto nekuwanazve discman :) Ndiri kuteerera kune-yepamusoro-soro 32bit DAC ine yepamusoro-impedance preamp uye yakakwira inobuda magetsi kupfuura yaunowana pamagetsi akawanda akakura muhomwe. Iwe haufanirwe kunetseka nezve mhando yekwakabva kana mavambo ezvakarekodhwa. Ini ndiri wechizvarwa chine dura rezvinyorwa zveLP kumba. Ndakavaka yangu Transiwatt TW40 mumakore angu makumi maviri.
BTW iyo discman, senge mawalkmans mazhinji ane isina kusimba kubuda. Hapana chinogona kufananidzwa nacho, saka zvirokwazvo kwete pasina headphone amplifier, ine chinangwa inodhura zvakapetwa ka10 mutengo weMMII ergo, kana ini ndisingade kunakidzwa nemwana uyo amai kana baba vakamufadza. , Ndinganyora kuti iwe unotanga kuwana kanenge pakati-yekupedzisira akazvipira mutambi.
Ichokwadi kuti kuteerera kune MMII kunomutsa kurira kunozivikanwa kubva mukuteerera yekutanga MPEG-3 mp1 yakashandurwa kubva .wav mu94 pa studio Pentium 75, kunyangwe takashandisa SoundBlaster 32 yekuteerera :P
MMIIs akafanana ne "mutauri wemukati" paXT286 PC.
Honestly, kana iwe ukavabatanidza ne iPhone, hazvina basa nekuti kuteerera pa iPhone hakugone kunakidzwa, ndoda kunakidzwa. Iavhareji yevanhu vasingaderedzeri, kunyangwe iyo yevaridzi DAC kubva kuQualcomm muSnap820 inogona kuunza chiitiko chiri nani chemumhanzi. Iyo yekare Lenovo A7010 Pro inonyanya kukodzera kuteerera mimhanzi kupfuura iyo iPhone.
Ini handikwanise kufanotaura kuti kuderedzwa kwemimhanzi pa iPhone kuchapera rinhi, ndinongovimba kuti rimwe zuva Apple ichaunza iPhone "pro" inogona kugutsa kunyange vateereri vanoda kupfuura kuteerera kurekodha kwehit parade kubva kuFM. redhiyo paMC kaseti mumhando yedhijitari.
Iyo iPhone ine mhando yeDAC (chimwe chinhu chiri padivi neSABER ES9018K2M, ES9018/9218, ES9601, E9016, E9602, TI OPA1612) panzvimbo yezita / Cirrus Logic yehafu peni uye kamera iri nani inogona kuenzana neane makore matatu makwikwi ari muchimiro cheIMX220 uye 1/2.4 ″ ine chigadziriso chakakodzera uye emhando yepamusoro optics ichaunzwa neApple mumakore mashanu pakutanga, uye ndiani anoziva kana, asi panguva iyoyo vese vakwikwidzi vachave vamwe vashanu makore manomwe pamberi pe iPhone.
Iyo dumber ichatenga iPhone + MMII, akangwara achatenga LG V10 ine bhatiri nyowani mumusika, V10 nyowani yechikamu chetatu chemutengo paBay, yakagadziridzwa hafu yezvairi muCZ bazaars + BOSE QC35, BeoPlay H8, Senn Momentum, Urbanite kana Koss Porta Pro kubva kuUSA. :) Parunhare rwemumhanzi, pamusoro pemarekodhi ekuhaya, unofanirwa kutenga inoridza inokwana paPlay Store iyo inogona kumisikidza yakazvitsaurira amplifier (kazhinji inomhanya pavaridzi Qualcomm) kana kudhawunirodha inogonesa kubva kuforamu.
Ini zvechokwadi handikurudzire Pory, yakatenderedza 1000 yaimbove Sennheiser PX 100, isingaenzaniswi iri nani ruzha.
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