Adam Kos Kunyangwe isu tiri kutaura nezve Apple, Samsung kana kunyange TSMC, isu tinowanzonzwa nezve maitiro ayo machipisi avo anogadzirwa. Iyo inzira yekugadzira inoshandiswa kugadzira silicon chips iyo inotarirwa nediki sei transistor imwechete irimo. Asi nhamba dzega dzega dzinorevei?
Semuenzaniso, iyo iPhone 13 ine A15 Bionic chip, iyo inogadzirwa uchishandisa 5nm tekinoroji uye ine mabhiriyoni gumi nemashanu transistors. Nekudaro, iyo yapfuura A15 Bionic chip yakagadzirwa zvakare ichishandisa tekinoroji imwe chete, iyo yaingove ne 14 bhiriyoni transistors. Kuenzaniswa navo, kune zvakare M11,8 chip, iyo ine mabhiriyoni gumi nematanhatu transistors. Kunyangwe iwo machipisi ari eApple ega, anoigadzirira neTSMC, inova yakakura kwazvo uye yakazvimirira semiconductor kugadzira pasirese.
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Kambani yeTaiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing
Kambani iyi yakavambwa kumashure muna 1987. Inopa huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinogoneka kugadzira magadzirirwo, kubva kumaitiro echinyakare mamicrometer kusvika kune echizvino-zvino emhando yepamusoro se7nm ine EUV tekinoroji kana 5nm process. Kubva 2018, TSMC yakatanga kushandisa hombe-yakakura lithography yekugadzira 7nm machipisi uye yakawedzera nekana kugona kwayo kugadzira. Muna 2020, yakatotanga kugadzirwa kwe 5nm chips, iyo ine 7% yakakwirira density ichienzaniswa ne80nm, asiwo 15% yepamusoro kuita kana 30% yakaderera kushandiswa.
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Iyo serial kugadzirwa kwe3nm chips ichatanga muhafu yechipiri yegore rinouya. Ichi chizvarwa chinovimbisa 70% yakakwira density uye 15% yepamusoro kuita, kana 30% yakaderera kushandiswa pane iyo 5nm maitiro. Nekudaro, iwo mubvunzo kana Apple ichakwanisa kuiisa mu iPhone 14. Nekudaro, sekureva kunoita Czech. Wikipedia, TSMC yakatogadzira tekinoroji yeiyo 1nm yekugadzira maitiro mukubatana nevadyidzani vega uye zvikwata zvesainzi. Inogona kuuya kune imwe nguva mu 2025. Zvisinei, kana tikatarisa pamakwikwi, Intel inoronga kuunza 3nm maitiro muna 2023, uye Samsung gore gare gare.
Zvinogona kudaro kufarira iwe
Chiratidzo 3 nm
Kana iwe uchifunga kuti 3nm inoreva chimwe chaicho chivakwa che transistor, hazviite. Chaizvoizvo ingori izwi rekutengesa kana rekushambadzira rinoshandiswa muindasitiri yekugadzira chip kureva kutsva, yakagadziridzwa chizvarwa chesilicon semiconductor machipisi maererano nekuwedzera transistor density, kukurumidza kukurumidza uye kuderedzwa kwesimba rekushandisa. Muchidimbu, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti iyo diki chip inogadzirwa nenm process, iyo yemazuva ano, ine simba uye ine yakaderera kushandiswa.
