Apple picker Apple Inc. yakavambwa muna 1976, ipapo seApple Computer. Mukati memakore 37, varume vanomwe vakachinjana pamusoro payo, kubva kuna Michael Scott kuenda kuna Tim Cook. Zita rine mukurumbira pasina mubvunzo ndiSteve Jobs, makore maviri apfuura kubva paakaenda kunzvimbo yekuvhima isingaperi nhasi ...
1977-1981: Michael "Scotty" Scott
Sezvo pasina Steve-muvambi (Jobs kana Wozniak) aive nezera kana ruzivo rwekuvaka kambani chaiyo, wekutanga investor Mike Markkula akagonesa mutungamiriri wekugadzira kuNational Semiconductors (kambani yava kuTexas Instruments) Michael Scott kuti atore izvi. basa .
Akatora nzvimbo yacho nokungwarira apo, achangosvika, akarambidza kushandiswa kwetapureta mukambani yose, kuitira kuti kambani igogadza muenzaniso mumazuva okutanga ekusimudzira makombiyuta omunhu. Munguva yekutonga kwake, Apple II, tateguru wemakomputa ese atinoziva nhasi, akatanga kugadzirwa.
Nekudaro, haana kupedzisa kutonga kwake kuApple nemufaro mukuru paakadzinga vashandi makumi mana veApple muna 1981, kusanganisira hafu yechikwata chaishanda paApple II. Akadzivirira danho iri nekudzingwa kwavo munzanga. Pamusangano unotevera wevashandi pamusoro pedoro, akati:
Ndati kana ndaneta nekuva CEO weApple, ndichasiya chigaro. Asi ndachinja pfungwa – pandicharega mafaro, ndichadzinga vanhu kusvika zvave kunakidza zvakare.
Nekuda kwekutaura uku, akaiswa pachinzvimbo chemutevedzeri wemutungamiri wenyika, umo akange asina kana simba. Scott akasiya basa zviri pamutemo kubva kukambani muna Chikunguru 10, 1981.
Pakati pa1983 na1988 akamhanyisa kambani yakazvimirira yeStarstruck. Aive achiedza kugadzira roketi rakaparurwa negungwa raikwanisa kuisa masatelliti munzira.
Matombo ane mavara akava chitandadzo chaScott. Akava nyanzvi panyaya iyi, akanyora bhuku pamusoro pavo, uye akaunganidza muunganidzwa wakaratidzirwa paBowers Museum muSanta Anna. Akatsigira chirongwa cheRruff, chakanangana nekugadzira seti yakakwana ye data spectral kubva kuhunhu hwemaminerari. Muna 2012, mineral - scottyite - yakatumidzwa zita rake.
1981-1983: Armas Clifford "Mike" Markkula Jr.
Mushandi nhamba 3 - Mike Markkula akasarudza kukweretesa Apple muna 1976 mari yaaive awana mumasheya semaneja wekushambadzira weFairchild Semiconductor neIntel.
Nekuenda kwaScott, kunetseka kutsva kwaMarkkula kwakatanga - kupi kuwana mutungamiriri anotevera? Iye pachake aiziva kuti aisada chinzvimbo ichi. Akaramba ari munzvimbo iyi kwechinguva, asi muna 1982 akagamuchira banga pahuro kubva kumudzimai wake: "Tsvaga wekutsiva nekukasika." NeMabasa, vachifungidzira kuti akanga asati agadzirira basa reMukuru Mukuru, vakatendeukira kuna Gerry Roche, muvhimi we "smart head". Akaunza CEO mutsva, uyo Mabasa pakutanga aifarira, asi akazovengwa.
Markkula anotsiviwa mushure memakore gumi nemaviri sachigaro webhodhi mushure mekudzoka kwaJobs muna 1997 uye anosiya Apple. Basa rake rinotevera rinoenderera mberi nekuvambwa kweEchelon Corporation, ACM Aviation, San Jose Jet Center uye Rana Creek Habitat Restoration. Inoisa mari muCrowd Technologies uye RunRev.
Akavamba zvakare Markkula Center for Applied Ethics kuSanta Clara University, uko iye zvino ari mutungamiriri.
1983–1993: John Sculley
"Unoda kupedza hupenyu hwako hwese uchitengesa mvura yakachena, kana kuti unoda kuchinja nyika?" Ndiwo mutsara wakazoita kuti musoro wePepsiCo uchinje kuApple neMabasa. Vese vaifarirana. Mabasa anotambwa nemanzwiro: “Ini chandinofunga kuti ndiwe wedu, ndinoda kuti uende neni tishandire. Ndinogona kudzidza zvakawanda kubva kwamuri.” Uye Sculley akafadzwa: “Ndakanzwa kuti ndaigona kuva mudzidzisi kumudzidzi ane unyanzvi. Ndakamuona pagirazi remufungidziro angu sezvandaizviita pandaiva mudiki. Neniwo ndaiva ndisina moyo murefu, ndakaomesa musoro, ndiine manyawi uye ndisingafungi. Pfungwa dzangu dzakaputika nekufunga, kazhinji ndichirasikirwa nezvimwe zvese. Uye ndakanga ndisingashiviriri avo vaikundikana kuita zvandaida.”
Dambudziko guru rekutanga mukubatana kwavo rakauya nekutangwa kweMacintosh. Kombiyuta pakutanga yaifanirwa kunge yakachipa, asi mutengo wayo wakakwira kusvika kumadhora 1995, iyo yaive sirin'i yeMabasa. Asi Sculley akasarudza kukwidza mutengo ku $2495. Mabasa aigona kurwisa zvese zvaaida, asi mutengo wakawedzera wakaramba wakafanana. Uye haana kumbobvumirana nazvo. Hondo huru yakatevera pakati peSculley naMabasa yakanga iri pamusoro peMacintosh ad (1984 ad), iyo Mabasa akazokunda uye akaita kuti ad yake imhanye mumutambo wenhabvu. Mushure mekutangwa kweMacintosh, Mabasa akawana simba rakawanda mukambani uye pamusoro peSculley. Sculley akatenda muushamwari hwavo, uye Jobs, uyo zvichida aidavira muushamwari ihwohwo zvakare, akamubata nekubata kumeso.
Nekuderera kwekutengesa kweMacintosh kwakauya kuderera kweMabasa. Muna 1985, dambudziko pakati pake naSculley rakasvika pakakwirira, uye Mabasa akabviswa pachigaro cheutungamiri chechikamu cheMacintosh. Izvi, zvechokwadi, zvakamurova, izvo zvaakaona sekutengesa kune chikamu chaSculley. Imwe, nguva ino kurova chaiko, kwakauya muna Chivabvu 1985 Sculley akamuudza kuti akanga achimubvisa pachinzvimbo chasachigaro weApple. Saka Sculley akatora kambani yaJobs.
Pasi peSculley's baton, Apple yakagadzira PowerBook uye System 7, yaive yakatangira Mac OS. MacAddict magazini yakatotaura nezvemakore 1989-1991 se "makore ekutanga egoridhe eMacintosh". Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, Sculley akagadzira acronym PDA (Personal digital assistant); Apple yakadana Newton iyo yekutanga PDA yaive pamberi penguva yayo. Akasiya Apple muhafu yechipiri ya1993 mushure mekutanga inodhura zvakanyanya uye isina kubudirira innovation - inoshanda sisitimu inoshanda pane nyowani microprocessor, PowerPC. Mukutarisa, Mabasa akati kudzingwa kubva kuApple ndicho chinhu chakanakisa chingave chakaitika kwaari. Saka mutengesi wemvura yakachena yakanga isiri sarudzo yakaipa mushure mezvose. Michael Spindler akamutsiva mukutonga kweApple mushure mekubva kwake.
1993-1996: Michael Spindler
Michael Spindler akauya kuApple achibva kuEuropean division of Intel muna 1980 uye kuburikidza nezvinzvimbo zvakasiyana (semuenzaniso, purezidhendi weApple Europe) akasvika pachinzvimbo chemutungamiri mukuru mushure meJohn Sculley. Ainzi "Diesel" - akanga akareba uye akagara kwenguva refu achishanda. Mike Markkula, waaiziva kubva kuIntel, akataura nezvake izvozvo ndiye mumwe wevanhu vakangwara vaanoziva. Yakanga iri pakukurudzira kwaMarkkula kuti Spindler akazobatana neApple ndokuimiririra muEurope.
Kubudirira kwake kukuru panguva iyoyo yaive KanjiTalk software, iyo yakaita kuti zvikwanise kunyora mavara echiJapan. Izvi zvakatanga kutengeswa kwemaroketi eMacs muJapan.
Akanakidzwa nechikamu cheEurope, kunyangwe yaive yekutanga yaaive asati amboshanda. Semuenzaniso, rimwe rematambudziko raive mubhadharo - Spindler haana kubhadharwa kweinoda kusvika mwedzi mitanhatu nekuti Apple yaisaziva kufambisa mari kubva kuCanada kuenda kuBelgium, uko kwaive nemuzinda weEuropean. Akave mukuru weEurope panguva yekugadziriswa paApple (panguva iyoyo Mabasa akange atoenda). Yaive sarudzo isinganzwisisike nekuti Spindler aive nyanzvi yekuronga asi maneja akaipa. Izvi hazvina kukanganisa hukama hwake naSculley, vakaramba vari vakanakisa. Gaseé (chikamu cheMacintosh) naLoren (mukuru weApple USA) vakakwikwidzawo naye pachinzvimbo chemangwana chemutungamiri mukuru kuApple. Asi ese ari maviri akavambwa nekuda kwematambudziko nemargins paMacs matsva.
Spindler akanakidzwa nenguva yake yemukurumbira nekutanga kwePower Macintosh mutsara wemakomputa muna 1994, asi tsigiro yake yepfungwa yekuumba iyo Macintosh yakaratidza kupesana neApple.
Sa CEO, Spindler akaita nhamba huru yekuronga patsva paApple. Akadzinga vashandi vangangosvika zviuru zviviri nemazana mashanu, vangangosvika zvikamu gumi nezvishanu kubva muzana zvevashandi, uye akakwenenzvera kambani. Chinhu chega chakasara cheApple chekare chaive Applesoft, timu ine basa rekugadzira sisitimu yekushandisa. Akafungawo kuti Apple inofanirwa kungoshanda mumisika mishoma yakakosha uye kwete kuenda kumwe kumwe. Pamusoro pezvose, aida kuchengeta SoHo - dzidzo uye kumba. Asi kurongeka kwacho hakuna kubereka zvibereko. Kudzingwa uku kwakakonzera kurasikirwa kwekota nekota kwemadhora gumi emamiriyoni, uye kubviswa kwemabhenefiti evashandi (akabhadharwa kusimba uye canteen izvo zvaive zvakasununguka pakutanga) zvakaita kuti hunhu hwevashandi hudzikire. Vagadziri vesoftware vakaronga "bhomba" rainzi "Spindler's List" rairatidza runyoro rwevanhu vakadzingwa pakombiyuta kune vashandi vose vekambani. Kunyangwe yakakwanisa kuwedzera chikamu chayo chemusika nekufamba kwenguva, muna 2500 Apple yaive pazasi zvakare iine 15 muzana chete yemusika. Spindler akatanga kutaurirana neSun, IBM, uye Phillips kuti vatenge Apple, asi zvakashaya basa. Ndiro raive diki rekupedzisira kubhodhi rekambani - Spindler akadzingwa uye akatsiviwa naGil Amelio.
1996-1997: Gil Amelio
Unoona, Apple yakafanana nechikepe chakaremerwa pfuma asi chine buri mairi. Uye basa rangu nderekuita kuti munhu wese aikwasva akananga kwakafanana.
Gil Amelio, akabatana neApple kubva kuNational Semiconductor, zvine nharo aive ari mupfupi-sevhisi Apple CEO munhoroondo yekambani. Kubva 1994, zvakadaro, anga ari nhengo yebhodhi revatungamiriri kuApple. Asi basa rake pakambani yemapuro harina kubudirira zvakanyanya. Kambani iyi yakarasikirwa nemari inosvika bhiriyoni imwe chete yemadhora uye kukosha kwemasheya kwadzikira nezvikamu makumi masere kubva muzana. Chikamu chimwe chete chaitengeswa ne$80 chete. Mukuwedzera kumatambudziko emari, Amelio aifanirawo kutarisana nemamwe matambudziko - zvigadzirwa zvepasi-mhando, tsika dzekambani dzakaipa, kunyanya isiri-inoshanda hurongwa hwekushanda. Iro idambudziko rakawanda kumukuru wekambani. Amelio akaedza kugadzirisa mamiriro acho munzira dzese, kusanganisira kutengesa Apple kana kutenga imwe kambani yaizoponesa Apple. Basa raAmelia rakabatana zvakanyanya nemunhu akadzoka pachiitiko panguva ino uye zvakare akazopomerwa mhosva yekubviswa kwake pachinzvimbo chemukuru wekambani - naSteve Jobs.
Mabasa zvinonzwisisika aida kudzokera kukambani yake uye akaona Amelia semunhu akakodzera kumubatsira pakudzoka kwake. Saka zvishoma nezvishoma akava munhu waaibvunza Amelio nhanho dzose, nokudaro achiswedera pedyo nevavariro yake. Nhanho inotevera, nhanho yakakosha, mukuedza kwake kwakaitika apo Apple yakatenga Mabasa 'NeXT pakuraira kwaAmelia. Mabasa, achizengurira pakutanga kutarisa, akazova "anozvimiririra consultant". Panguva iyoyo, akange achiri kutaura kuti aive asiri kuzotungamira Apple. Zvakanaka, ndozvaakataura zviri pamutemo. Pana 4/7/1997, hutongi hwa Amelio kuApple hwakapera zvachose. Mabasa akakurudzira bhodhi kuti rimudzinge basa. Akakwanisa kukanda huremu muchimiro cheNewton kubva muchikepe chepfuma, icho chaiva negomba, asi Captain Jobs akanga atove nechekare.
1997-2011: Steve Jobs
Steve Jobs haana kupedza kudzidza kubva kuReed uye ndomumwe wevakatanga Apple Inc., iyo yakaberekerwa muSilicon Valley garaji muna 1976. Makomputa aive mureza weApple (uye ngarava chete). Steve Wozniak nechikwata chake vaiziva magadzirirwo avo, Steve Jobs aiziva kuatengesa. Nyeredzi yake yakanga ichikwira nokukurumidza, asi akadzingwa kubva kukambani yake mushure mekukundikana kwekombiyuta yeMacintosh. Muna 1985, akatanga kambani itsva, NeXT Computer, iyo yakatengwa neApple muna 1997, iyo yaida, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, itsva yekushandisa system. NeXT's NEXTSTEP nokudaro yakave hwaro nekurudziro yeMac OS X yakazotevera. Papera gore mushure mekuvambwa kweNEXT, Mabasa akatenga migove mizhinji musitudhiyo yefirimu Pixar, iyo yakagadzira mafirimu ehupenyu eDisney. Mabasa aida basa, asi pakupedzisira akasarudza Apple. Muna 2006, Disney akazotenga Pixar, uye Mabasa akava mugoveri uye nhengo yeDisney's board of directors.
Kunyange Steve Jobs asati atora kutonga kuApple muna 1997, kunyangwe ari "Mutungamiriri wenguva pfupi," mukuru wezvemari wekambani, Fred D. Anderson, akashanda seMutungamiriri mukuru. Mabasa akaita sechipangamazano kuna Anderson nevamwe, achienderera mberi nekuchinja kambani mumufananidzo wake. Pamutemo, aifanirwa kuve chipangamazano kwemwedzi mitatu kusvika Apple yawana CEO mutsva. Nekufamba kwenguva, Mabasa akamanikidza kunze kwenhengo mbiri dzebhodhi — Ed Woolard, waairemekedza zvechokwadi, naGareth Chang, aive ziro mumaziso ake. Nekufamba uku, akawana chigaro pabhodhi revatungamiriri uye akatanga kuzvipira zvizere kuApple.
Mabasa aive munhu anosemesa anonamira, anoda kukwana uye anoshamisa munzira yake. Akanga akaoma uye asingabvumirani, kazhinji achiitira utsinye kuvashandi vake uye achivanyadzisa. Asi aive aine pfungwa yeruzivo, rwemavara, rwekuumbwa, rwechimiro. Aiva nechido, aida basa rake, aifarira kuita kuti zvinhu zvose zvive zvakakwana sezvinobvira. Pasi pekuraira kwake, iyo inozivikanwa iPod, iPhone, iPad, uye akatevedzana MacBook anotakurika makomputa akagadzirwa. Akakwanisa kukwezva vanhu, zvese nehunhu hwake huri nani uye - pamusoro pezvose - nezvigadzirwa zvake. Kutenda kwaari, Apple yakapfura kumusoro, iyo inoramba iripo nanhasi. Kunyangwe iri mhando inodhura, inomiririrwa nekukwana, yakanyatso gadziridzwa ruzivo uye yakakura mushandisi-ushamwari. Uye vatengi vanofara kubhadhara kune izvi zvese. Imwe yemamotto akawanda eMabasa yaive "Funga zvakasiyana". Apple uye zvigadzirwa zvayo zvinogona kuonekwa kutevera motto iyi kunyange mushure mokunge Mabasa aenda. Akasiya chigaro chemukuru muna 2011 nekuda kwehutano. Akafa nekenza yepancreatic muna Gumiguru 5, 10.
2011-ikozvino: Tim Cook
Timothy "Tim" Cook ndiye munhu uyo Jobs akasarudza semutsivi wake kunyange asati asiya basa rekupedzisira muna 2011. Cook akabatana neApple muna 1998, panguva iyoyo akashanda kuCompaq Computers. Kare zvakare kune IBM uye Intelligent Electronics. Akatanga kuApple semutevedzeri wemutevedzeri wemutungamiri wenyika yose. Muna 2007, akakwidziridzwa kuita Chief Operating Officer (COO) wekambani. Kubva panguva ino kusvika pakubva kwaJobho muna 2011, Cook aigara achimuzadza apo Jobs aive achipora kubva kumwe kwekuvhiyiwa kwake.
Tim Cook akabva kuodha, ndiko kwaiva kurovedzwa kwataida chaizvo. Ndakaona kuti tinotarisa zvinhu zvakafanana. Ndakashanyira akawanda mafekitori enguva-munguva muJapan ndokuzvivakira imwe Mac uye yeInotevera. Ndakaziva zvandaida ndokubva ndasangana naTim uye aida zvimwe chetezvo. Saka takatanga kushanda tose uye pasina nguva ndakanga ndagutsikana kuti ainyatsoziva zvokuita. Aiva nemuono wakafanana neni, taigona kupindirana padanho repamusoro, ndaigona kukanganwa zvinhu zvakawanda, asi ainditsigira. (Mabasa paCook)
Kusiyana neMabasa, iyezvino CEO akadzikama uye haaratidze zvakawanda zvemanzwiro ake. Haasi iwo ega ega Mabasa, asi sezvauri kuona mukotesheni, vanogovana maonero akafanana enyika yebhizinesi uye vanoda zvinhu zvakafanana. Ndicho chikonzero nei Mabasa akaisa Apple mumaoko aCook, waakaona semumwe munhu aizoenderera mberi nezviratidzo zvake, kunyange zvazvo angazviita zvakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, kushushikana kwaMabasa nezvinhu zvese zvitete kwakaramba kuri hunhu hweApple kunyangwe abva. Sezvo Cook pachake akati: “Aigara achigutsikana kuti chitete chakanaka. Inogona kuonekwa mubasa rake rose. Tine laptop yakaonda kwazvo, iyo yakaonda kwazvo smartphone, uye tiri kuita iyo iPad itete uye itete. Zvakaoma kutaura kuti Steve Jobs angave akagutsikana sei nemamiriro ekambani yake uye zvigadzirwa zvaanogadzira. Asi chirevo chake chikuru "Funga zvakasiyana" achiri mupenyu kuApple uye zvinoita sekunge zvichange zviri zvenguva refu. Naizvozvo, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti Tim Cook, uyo Mabasa akasarudza, akanga ari chisarudzo chakanakisisa.
Chinyorwa chakanaka, ndatenda nazvo. Ini handinzwisisi mutsara: "Pasi peSculley, Apple yakagadzira PowerBook uye System 7, iyo yaive yakatangira Mac OS.".
Ndinotarisa ese masere emadhisiki angu ekutanga eMacintosh Classic ekuisa, uye ese ane ese Mac OS logo uye iyo "manomwe" mune dema rectangle. Iwe unogona kunge waireva akatangira OS-X, nekuti kunyangwe "masere" uye "mapfumbamwe" ainzi Mac OS.
... kungowedzera, handidye masere nemapfumbamwe... asi kunyange OS X yaityairwa neMacOS X, ingotarisa Leopard kana Panther... OS X pachayo yakaonekwa ndinofunga ine SnowLeopard....
Ini ndinofunga kuti kubvira Mountain Shumba, "OS X" yaive pachinzvimbo che "Mac OS X".
Asi kareko yaingonzi System 7. Ipapo ndofunga yaiva System 7.5. Ndinozvirangarira chaizvo kubva kune iwo madhisikiti, nezvimwewo, nekuti ini ndakavhiringika zvishoma nekushandurwa kwezita rekupedzisira. Mazita eMac OS akatanga kushandiswa kutenderedza Mac OS 8. Sezvineiwo, edza kuisa "About This Macintosh" pane yako Classic :-)