Kutanga na19 p.m Mamepu, iyo zvino inoshandisa data yemepu yeApple. Mushure memakore mashanu, akafunga kusiya iyo yakasimbiswa Google Mepu. Isu hatisi kuzopinda kana kufamba uku kwakakonzerwa nekusawirirana pamusoro pekuwedzera rezinesi, kana Apple yaida kubvisa masevhisi emukwikwidzi wayo zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Hapana chimwe cheizvi chinogona kana kusafarira mushandisi wekupedzisira. Takangowana mamepu akasiyana.
Pakarepo mushure mekuburitswa kwekutanga beta vhezheni yeIOS 6, ndakanyora critical looking article, iyo vamwe vevaverengi vedu vangave vakatsamwira nokuti ndakanga ndichienzanisa chigadzirwa chisina kupera kuGoogle Mepu kumashure panguva iyo iOS 5. Izvozvo zvingava zvechokwadi, asi mushure mekuongorora mamepu muGolden Master uye shanduro yeruzhinji yeIOS 6 kwechinguva. , handina kuwana shanduko dzakawanda. Vachawedzera chete panguva yekupinza kwakapinza pakati pemakumi kusvika kumazana emamiriyoni evarimi veapuro. Chii chachinja mumwedzi mitatu yapfuura?
Mamepu akajairwa
Kwapera nzvimbo dzakasvibira dzakasvibira dzehuni, dzave kungoonekwa chete kana dzabviswa, ruvara rwakasvibira rwakasvibira. Iyo yakafanana neiyo yeGoogle Mepu. Iniwo ndinoda iwo akadzokororwa makiyi emumugwagwa. Migwagwa yemotokari ine nhamba yadzo mumigwagwa tsvuku, yeEuropean international (E) mumigwagwa yakasvibira nemimwe yakanyorwa muruvara rwebhuruu.
Gadzirisa nyaya nemigwagwa inonyangarika kana uchienda kunze. Nehurombo, kana ndikatarisa chikamu chimwe chete mumamepu paIOS 5, ndichiri kuwana mhinduro yeGoogle yakajeka. Migwagwa iri nyore kuona nekuda kwekuratidzwa kwenzvimbo dzakavakwa mugrey. Kune rimwe divi, mamepu eApple anogona mune dzimwe nguva kuratidza migwagwa mikuru zviri nani (ona Brno pazasi). Ini handigone kubatsira asi kufunga isu tese tinogara mumigwagwa yemigwagwa maererano neApple. Kushaya uku kunondishandura chaiko. Mune mamwe maguta akakura, unogona kuona maratidziro ezvivakwa kana iwe ukaswededza zvakanyanya.
Ndakaona kuti, semuenzaniso, muBrno kana Ostrava, kuratidzwa kwemazita ematunhu eguta, ayo anoshanda senzvimbo yakanaka kwazvo yekutanga kumaguta makuru, anoshaya zvachose. MuPrague, mazita ematunhu emaguta anoratidzwa, asi chete kana akaswededzwa mukati. Ndinovimba Apple ichashanda pane ichi chikanganiso mumwedzi iri kuuya. Chekupedzisira, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti Apple inoshandisa vector graphics kupa kumashure, nepo Google yaishandisa bitmaps, i.e. seti yemifananidzo. Iri zvirokwazvo idanho remberi.
Satellite mepu
Kunyangwe pano, Apple haina kunyatso ratidza uye zvakare iri kure kure nemamepu apfuura. Iko kupinza uye ruzivo rwemifananidzo iGoogle makirasi akati wandei pamusoro. Sezvo aya ari mapikicha, hapana chikonzero chekuatsanangura kwenguva yakareba. Saka tarisa kuenzanisa kwemasaiti mamwe chete uye unobvuma kuti kana Apple ikasawana mifananidzo yemhando yepamusoro panguva yekuburitswa kweIOS 6, iri mubishi chairo.
Kana ndikatarisa nzvimbo dzandinoziva, zvechokwadi pave nekuvandudzwa, zvisinei, pakakwirira zoom, mifananidzo haina kupinza zvachose. Kana Apple ichida kuve nani pane Google, izvi hazvina kukwana. Kuti uwane muenzaniso wemufananidzo, tarisa Prague Castle mune yatotaurwa kuenzanisa kwekare. Nzvimbo yako iri kuita sei nemifananidzo?
3D kuratidza
Zvechokwadi iyi innovation inofadza iyo ichagara ichivandudzwa mune ramangwana. Parizvino, akati wandei maguta epasirese anogona kutariswa mu 3D mode. Kana iwe uri pamusoro penzvimbo inotsigira kuratidzwa kwezvivakwa zvepurasitiki, uchaona bhatani rine skyscrapers mukona yezasi kuruboshwe. Zvikasadaro, pane bhatani rine chinyorwa panzvimbo imwechete 3D.
Ini pachangu, ndinoona danho iri sekushanduka kwete revolution. Parizvino, ndinoona ndichitsveta chigunwe changu pakati pezvivakwa zvakanyanya setoyi uye mhondi yenguva. Ehe, handireve kuzvidza Apple nekuti vakaisa mari yakawanda uye kushanda nesimba mumamepu e3D. Nekudaro, tekinoroji yese ichiri mudiki, saka ndinofara zvikuru kuona kwaichaenda mumakore mashoma anotevera.
Nekudaro, ini handifarire satellite mepu pamusoro pemaguta ane rutsigiro rwezvivakwa zvepurasitiki. Panzvimbo peiyo 2D satellite mufananidzo, zvese zvinopihwa otomatiki mu3D ini ndisingazvide. Hongu, ndiri kutarisa pamepu yakatwasuka, asi ndichiri kuona mipendero isina kunyoroveswa yezvivakwa zve 3D. Pakazere, iyo 3D maonero anotaridzika akashata kupfuura yekare satellite mufananidzo.
Pfungwa dzekufarira
Pachinyorwa chikuru, Scott Forstall akazvikudza nezve dhatabhesi ye100 miriyoni zvinhu (maresitorendi, mabhawa, zvikoro, mahotera, pombi, ...) zvine chiyero chavo, pikicha, nhamba dzerunhare kana kero yewebhu. Asi zvinhu izvi zvinoyananiswa uchishandisa Yelp sevhisi, iyo ine zero yekuwedzera muCzech Republic. Naizvozvo, usavimba nekutsvaga maresitorendi munharaunda yako. Mumabheseni edu, iwe uchaona zviteshi zvechitima, mapaki, mayunivhesiti nenzvimbo dzekutenga pamepu, asi ruzivo rwese pamusoro pavo harupo.
Kunyange nanhasi, hapana chinochinja kumushandisi weCzech. Zvirinani mamepu anoratidza akati wandei maresitorendi, makirabhu, mahotera, zviteshi zvepeturu, uye mamwe mabhizinesi ane ruzivo rwekuonana kana mawebhusaiti (yekutanga beta vhezheni yanga isisina chinhu pamepu). Zvisinei, zvakakwana here? Iko hakuna zvachose mucherechedzo wezvifambiso zvevoruzhinji zvinomira, kunze kweiyo Prague metro. Zvipatara, nhandare dzendege, mapaki uye zvitoro zvinoratidzwa zvakanaka uye zvinoratidzwa. Mapoinzi ekufarira acharamba achiwedzera, uye pamwe Yelp achananga kune yedu Czech basin.
Navigation
Iwe unopinda pekutangira nekwauri kuenda, kana sarudza imwe yedzimwe nzira, uye unogona kutanga parwendo rwako. Ehe iwe unofanirwa kuve neanoshanda data yekubatanidza, ndingafarire sarudzo yekudhawunirodha data pakati pepanotangira uye kwekuenda kushandiswa pasina Indaneti. Munguva pfupi yadarika takakuunzira vhidhiyo yezvinotaridzika kufamba muCzech. Ndichitaura ndega, ndakashandisa nzira kaviri mumwedzi wapfuura uye nguva dzose netsoka. Nehurombo, pa iPhone 3GS, unofanirwa kufambisa munhu wacho achitendeuka nemunwe wako, saka ini handingaedze kutyaira nayo. Zvisinei, ndakatungamirirwa zvakanaka kuenda kwandaienda pasina dambudziko. Zvakadini newe, wakamboedza kutungamirirwa nemamepu matsva?
Traffic
Ndichitaura ndega, iyo traffic maonero ndiyo inonyanya kubatsira chinhu mumamepu matsva. Pese pandinotyaira kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo isingazivikanwe, ndinotarisa muchidimbu kuti ndione kana paine kuvharwa kwemugwagwa kana mamwe mamiriro asina kunaka munzira. Parizvino, ruzivo rwunoita serwazvino uye rwakarurama. Ndinobvuma kuti ndinotyaira zvakanyanya mumugwagwa mukuru pakati peOlomouc neOstrava, uko traffic inopfuura yakanaka. Zvisinei, inenge vhiki yapfuura ndakaenda kuBrno, ndaida kutora nzira yokubuda nayo 194. Mepu dzaingoratidza basa romumugwagwa, asi pokubuda napo kwakavharwa. Unoda sei traffic? Wakambosangana neruzivo rwusina chokwadi here kana kuti rusiridzo zvachose?
Mhedziso kechipiri
Hongu, mushanduro yekupedzisira yeIOS 6, mamepu ari nani uye ari nyore kushandisa, asi ini handikwanise kubvisa fungidziro yekuti ichiri kure nekufanana - ingave iri yakashata satellite mifananidzo kana kushomeka kwekumaka. yenzvimbo dzakavakwa. Zvichave zvinonakidza kuenzanisa mhinduro yeGoogle pachayo, iyo ichazoonekwa muApp Store nekukurumidza sezvinobvira. Hatingazvirevi nhema - ane makore akawanda eruzivo uye, sebhonasi, Street View. Ngatipei mamepu matsva imwe Chishanu kuti akure, mushure mezvose, ivo vachakwanisa kuedzwa nemazvo nemazhinji evashandisi veDevice.
Nhasi ndashandisa mamepu kekutanga mushure mekugadzirisa kuIOS 6 uye ndakashamisika apo foni yangu yakafamba ichienda kwayo yega pasina kudzvanya uye kunyangwe mumutauro weSlovak.
Nhasi ndashandisa mamepu kekutanga mushure mekugadzirisa kuIOS 6 uye ndakashamisika apo foni yangu yakafamba ichienda kwayo yega pasina kudzvanya uye kunyangwe mumutauro weSlovak.
Ko vashandisi ve i4 havazowana kufamba kwezwi ipapo?
Ndinogona kuwedzera muchinyorwa kuti kunyange iyo iPhone 4 haina kufamba. zvinyorwa zvose zvakapfuura akataura kuti hazvibviri kufamba kwezwi uye kwete TBT .. zvichida yakatorwa sechinhu chekunzwisisa ... asi haisi =) ipad 3, kune rumwe rutivi, inogona kushandisa TBT uye kufamba kwezwi.
Chaizvo zveIP4, mepu idzi hadzina maturo zvachose.. Iyo yegoridhe Google dzimwe nguva yainyatsouya pandaida kuwana chimwe chinhu chaizvo kana kuratidza chimwe chinhu kune mumwe munhu... Zvikasadaro, ndine Sygic sekufambisa.
Ndinodawo kuwedzera kuti kugovera nzvimbo hakuna zvachose. Chishandiso hachigovane poindi yakasarudzwa neni, asi mugwagwa wese (dzimwe nguva kusvika mazana emamita kubva pandinenge ndakamira).
Ko google haishandisi mavheji here ??? Zvakanaka, ndaitarisira zvakawanda kubva kumepu, hazvina kunaka. Chaizvoizvo, vakandimanikidza kuti nditarise kuseri kweChirongwa B uye ndakadanana neOpenStreetMaps application. Iwo mamepu mabitmaps, asi akadzama nemhando dzinoverengeka dzemepu kuratidza.
Hapana nzira, Google inongoshandisa bitmaps mumatanho akasiyana.
Mune default iOS app iyo isina kuchinja mumakore. Yave ichishandisa vector mepu kwenguva yakareba paAndroid uye mumabhurawuza edesktop anotsigirwa.
Android inoshandisawo bitmaps.
chokwadi, mwedzi mishomanana mushure mekutangwa kwemepu kubva kuApple, ini handizove nani kupfuura Google, iyo yave ichikura kwemakore mazhinji. Ini ndinofunga iyo ios6 mepu inotaridzika zvakanaka. wedzerawo kumhanya kwakanyanya, nzira dzekutenderera-ne-kutendeuka navigation, gadzirisa maratidziro ezvivakwa / maguta, wedzera iyo flyover basa kune mamwe maguta uye zvakare wedzera iyo yelp social network. kana izvozvo zvikaitika, isu tichakwanisa kubvisa zvakachengeteka navigon, sygic uye zvimwe zvakabhadharwa maapplication kubva kumafoni edu :-)
Ndine fungidziro yekuti "hongu, Apple yakazviita" - ndeyevanhu, kwete geeks - uye ndiyo yekutanga vhezheni - rangarira izvo maPhones ekutanga akakwanisa kuita - pane yakanyatsogadzirwa mashandiro ekutanga kuwanikwa kune wese munhu. uye ine zvidzoreso zvinofadza - ndakashamiswa zvikuru, kuti munhu anokurumidza sei kuziva zviri kupihwa nzira kana zvichienzaniswa nedzakawandisa mumepu kubva kuGoogle, (Ndinoona kuti ndakaedza kuPrague, uko kune akawanda migwagwa) mepu inonzwa zvirinani kwandiri uye inoshanda - uye kufamba kwakagadziriswa zvakanaka - ndakaedza ndiri pa iPad kudzvanya pandiri kuenda (imwe pfungwa inotarisa kurudyi) - yakanaka kwazvo - uye ndizvo Ini ndinotarisira kubva pazviri - pandinorasika, ndinoburitsa iyo iPad uye nekukasira kutsvaga nzira - Google Mepu haina kundipa zvakawanda - zvese zvakatora nguva - nei iyo nhoroondo yefacade kana ndanonoka kumusangano - ndizvo zvakaita google Earth, kofi uye hey amai, tarisai, mota yedu iripo m sorry nokuda kwekukanganisa (kottage yedu iri mumusha wekuzorora uye mamepu akawana musha wekutanga pasi payo - iyo ibenzi :-)) asi zvakanaka kune yekutanga shanduro.
Kupi? OSP haina mapoinzi, Maps.cz haisi yePadad kana Retina
"Chokwadi iwe unofanirwa kuve neanoshanda data yekubatanidza, ndingafarire kugona kudhawunirodha data pakati pepanotangira uye kwaunoenda kuti ushandise pasina Indaneti."
:DDDD
Ndirikuda kuziva kuti app yaizowanei kana ikaiswa paApp Store nemugadziri wenguva dzose...
Ndanga ndichida kubvunza kuti zvakamira sei nekuchengetedza mepu offline?
Aihwa
Ndinokumbira kusiyana - hazvina kudaro zvachose. Nhasi ndaenda kuBratislava uye ndaida kuziva zvaizoitika kubhodha. Uye hapana chakaitika. Mepu dzinoshanda chete neGPS chip kana uchitevera nzira. Kana ndikatendeukira kune imwe nzvimbo, hongu yaida kujoina, asi mushure mekudzokera kunzira yekutanga, yakabva yangobata. Musiyano mukuru uri mu iPhone/iPad navigation. Iyo iPad ine zvirinani kufamba.
Ini zvakare ndakaodzwa mwoyo zvakanyanya nemepu. Ndinoashandisa anenge mazuva ose. pandinotarisa taundi randiri kubva (Jelemnice), anondiratidza chinhambwe chingangoita kiromita pane imwe nzvimbo mumunda. Ini handitaure nezve satellite mifananidzo ... yakasviba zvakanyanya, haugone kuswedera pedyo uye ndinoshamisika kuti Apple yakawana data kupi, nekuti mumugwagwa mukuru muguta pane nguva dzose chiratidzo chedambudziko chinoratidzwa kunyangwe paine kutenderera kweanenge makore 5-6 !!
zvechokwadi pane imwe nzira kune mepu application, asi hazvigoneke kutsiva system mepu chinhu neimwe mepu, inozoshandiswa neyechitatu-bato maapplication, semuenzaniso geocaching :). Zviri nyore, IYI mepu ARI chikamu chehurongwa uye vamwe havagone kuva ivo.... tinofanira kumirira….
hongu, ndizvo chaizvo, mamepu aya haana basa zvachose kune geocaching, iyo mepu yemifananidzo haigoneke mune dzimwe nzvimbo sezvairi kubva kureba uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo dema nechena, mimwe misha yakanyorwa zvakasiyana pane muhupenyu chaihwo. handizivi kuti ndozvipedza sei... :(
Ingori padivi pechinoti, iyo satellite mifananidzo haizove yazvino. Takatanga kuvaka imba yedu makore mana apfuura uye pamamepu eApple pachine gadheni pasina kutaurwa nezvebhawa
Maonero angu nezve mepu muIOS 6 akanyatso kutorwa naMár mukutaura kwake. Ini ndinongowedzera kuti ndinoda mepu uye kufamba uye dhizaini yese. Google payakatanga nemamepu, yanga isina data remepu sezvairi ikozvino. Mushure memwedzi mitatu, Apple yakatora nhanho huru yekuvandudza - mune imwe mwedzi mitatu ichave yakati rebei uye mune imwe 3 hapana achada imwe, uye kana zvakadaro, dzimwe nzira dziripo. Vane guta guru uye vanhu vekuvandudza zviripo paapuro, uye vanogona kushanda pane chimwe chinhu chavari kuita. Zvekuti ivo vari kutanga nemamepu uye kufamba, zvakanaka, mune inonzwisisika, graphically (navigation) yakanaka kwazvo dhizaini. Kurodha kunofananidzwa neapp yekare. nekukurumidza zvakanyanya kubva kuGoogle - kwandiri, zvinotanga nemepu nyowani/yekufambisa app. kugutsikana.
I just updated:(( mamepu iwayo akafanana namambo wetsvimbo. Vysoke nad Jizerou harisi taundi diki, asi mukuona kwakajairika harimo...
uye mufananidzo wesatellite?? Nhamo uyezve nhamo, izvi zvinhu zvemifananidzo kubva mugore ra2000.
Ndinovimba iyo google mepu application ichaonekwa paapuro chitoro munguva pfupi.
Kungojekesa, idzi hadzisi data remepu reApple, asi TomTom's. Uye vane makore anenge mashanu. Zvikasadaro, zvakanakira nyika yekutanga, tichaona kuti zvinofamba sei. Handitendi kuti vangangogara varipo kwenguva yakareba.
Hongu, iwo mamepu anotyisa, kunyangwe ukapinda mumusha weLabská Chrcice, zvinoratidza kuti kuchiri chando ikoko, unogona kutoona chando ipapo kuti iOS 6 yakandiregedza ndaimboshandisa mamepu, semuenzaniso, pandaityaira ndichitenderera Prague uye ndaitsvaga mugwagwa, saka iyi iPhone yakandibatsira uye yakanditungamira kumugwagwa wandaitsvaga, wakavimbika, chaiwo. navigation kunze kwekuda kuziva, asi mushure meizvi ini handizvipi tariro pakati nepakati.
Zvinondinetsa kuti mifananidzo yepasatellite yePilsen nhema uye chena.
Zvikasadaro, ndinofunga masosi emamepu esatellite anobva kuBing, ndosaka ichitaridzika sezvainoita... :)
Zvine musoro here kumhanyira kuIOS 6? Ndine iPhone 4S uye iPad 3, asi ndingavenga kurasikirwa neMepu kubva kuIOS 5.
Ingori nyaya yenguva Google isati yaburitsa application yayo nemamepu avo. Asi Apple icharamba ichivandudza mamepu, ichizopfuura Google.
Ehe, ndiri kutarisira iyo app kubva kuGoogle, ingangove inoponesa hupenyu. Kuti tisamumirira kwenguva refu. Zvingangotora nguva yakareba kuti Apple ibate izvi. Chinhu chikuru ndechekuti akagutsa vatengi muUS, regai vamwe vamirire gore.
Ehe, ndiri kutarisira iyo app kubva kuGoogle, ingangove inoponesa hupenyu. Kuti tisamumirira kwenguva refu. Zvingangotora nguva yakareba kuti Apple ibate izvi. Chinhu chikuru ndechekuti akagutsa vatengi muUS, regai vamwe vamirire gore.
Handizive kuti zviri sei mune mamwe matunhu, asi setiraiti mifananidzo yeBrno sezviri pachena inodarika makore manomwe, uye muhurombo.
...Ini ndinongoshamisika kuti sei mutengi achifanira kumirira chigadzirwa chepamusoro, icho iPhone pasina mubvunzo chiri, kuti mamepu akanaka akure...
Handina kutaura kuti mamepu matsva anoonekwa pasi rose sepasi rose, sezvinowanzonyorwa pano. Kunyangwe Google ine dzimwe nzvimbo dzakaipa kugadzirisa, asi dzakasiyana pane paApple mepu. Pandinotarisa, semuenzaniso, paSalewa chivakwa muBolzano, Apple tasm ine sarudzo iri nani kupfuura Google. Zvimwe chete semuenzaniso muFrance, Buis Les Baronnies.
Asi ini ndinonzwisisa kuti mumwe munhu anoona Apple ichiratidza dhorobha ravo kana musha wakashata kupfuura Google haagutsikane. Taura kukanganisa mune tsananguro, ichacheneswa.
Ini kazhinji ndinonzwa kuti vateereri veapuro vasina kumbochinja vachitya. Pandinorangarira mheremhere pamusoro pekupera kweApple apo PowerPC processor yakashandurwa kuita Intel, nhasi hapana anogomera Power PC uye chiitiko chose chakava chekuona kure. Saka zvichida zvinoda kushivirira zvakanyanya nekutonga.
Hazvina mbiri, asi zvinogona kuitwa. At least the faster loading yakanaka. Zvakadaro, zvichave zvakaoma kuwana mumwe munhu aisafarira iyo yapfuura vhezheni yemepu zvakanyanya (zvichida zvakanyanya nekuda kwekufamba). Uye kutarisa mifananidzo yesatellite kwakafanana nekutarisa kumashure munguva kwandiri - ndinoshamisika kuti dzimwe nzvimbo dzandave ndichiziva kwemakore dzaitaridzika sei kumashure.
Ndinoedza kutaura kukanganisa.
Zvakanaka, igehena, kana 40 Tábor ine fotomepu yakashata zvekuti haugone kana kuziva mabharaki aripo.
Mhoro, Maonero angu pane iyo ios 6 mepu ndeyekuti ibasa rakaitwa nemazvo neApple. Kune rimwe divi, ini ndakajaira kuita zvinhu zvakakwana, ndine urombo kuti, semuenzaniso, guta reBrno rine zvikanganiso zvakawanda pamepu uye mepu inowanzo mune zvinoshamisa, grey, rima mavara uye ini handifarire izvozvo. Pamwe inokodzera vamwe, asi kwete ini. zvimwe, semuenzaniso, New York mu 3D inoshamisa! Sei misoro yedzimwe nyika isingave mu3D? Ndinogona kuziva kuti zvinonetsa, asi nerumwe rutivi, ndinotarisira zvinhu zvakaoma, zvakakwana, uye zvinokatyamadza kubva kuApple. Ndatenda nemukana wekutaura, ivai nezuva rakanaka...
Mamepu matsva kubva kuApple akundikana zvachose, mumwe angati, muCzech Republic. Inoratidza zvakare apo Apple inotiisa. Ingotarisa maguta eGermany, somuenzaniso. Kune mamepu ane zvivakwa uye satellite color kumwe kunhu mu3D.
Ini ndinofunga kuti Apple haatomboziva nezvemamiriro ezvinhu pamusika weCzech, kana kuti isu hatikoshi kwaari zvekuti kunyangwe akapukuta CR yese kubva pamepu yake husiku, angadai asina kuzviona zvachose.
Google Mepu yakanaka muCR chete nekuda kweSeznam, iyo yakaisa mari yakawanda mumamepu, uye Google yaifanirwa kuifananidza, sezvinoratidzwa neyakafukidzwa yakanakisa yeStreat View saiti muEurope yese.
Uye ndinofunga Apple haizive zvachose kuti ndeapi nhanho yemepu yatinayo pano (ini handizive Nokia) uye hazvizove nyore kuvafananidza.
Ndine urombo zvakare kuti Seznam haisi kushanda zvishoma pamapuratifomu enhare muchikamu chino. Akaita kusunungura A Anwendung, asi kunatsiridza nokuda Retina kana zvichida nokuda iPad, hapasisina, uye ndinofunga kuti zvinonyadzisa zvikuru. Nekuti ikozvino, nekuda kweApple, iyo munda inenge isina kuongororwa.
Iniwo handisi kutaura nezve 45 ° shots, iyo inobatsirawo pano neapo pakutariswa.