Vratislav Holub Nheyo yemafoni eApple ndiyo chipset yavo. Panyaya iyi, Apple inovimba nemachipisi ayo kubva kumhuri yeA-Series, iyo inozvigadzira pachayo uye yobva yapa kugadzirwa kwavo kuTSMC (imwe yevagadziri vepasi rese semiconductor vane hunyanzvi hwemazuva ano). Nekuda kweizvi, inokwanisa kuve nechokwadi chekubatana kukuru pakati pehardware nesoftware uye kuvanza yakanyanya kukwirira kuita mumafoni ayo kupfuura mafoni kubva kune vanokwikwidza. Nyika yemachipisi yakave nekushanduka kunononoka uye kunoshamisa mumakore gumi apfuura, ichivandudza chaizvo munzira dzese.
Zvinogona kudaro kufarira iwe
Amaya Toman Nezve chipsets, maitiro ekugadzira anopiwa mu nanometers anowanzo kutaurwa. Munyaya iyi, iyo diki nzira yekugadzira, zviri nani kune iyo chip pachayo. Nhamba iri mumananomita inotaridza nhambwe iri pakati pemaelectrodhi maviri - tsime negedhi - pakati payo pane zvakare gedhi rinotonga mafambiro emagetsi. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti iyo diki nzira yekugadzira, iyo yakawanda electrodes (transistors) inogona kushandiswa kune chipset, iyo inobva yawedzera kuita kwavo uye inoderedza kushandiswa kwesimba. Uye ndizvo chaizvo muchikamu ichi umo zvishamiso zvave zvichiitika mumakore achangopfuura, nekuda kwatinogona kunakidzwa nekuwedzera kune simba miniaturization. Inogonawo kuonekwa zvakakwana paPhones pachavo. Kwemakore ekuvapo kwavo, vakasangana kakawanda zvishoma nezvishoma kudzikiswa kwemaitiro ekugadzira machipisi avo, ayo, pane zvinopesana, akavandudza mumunda wekuita.
Diki yekugadzira maitiro = zvirinani chipset
Somuenzaniso, iPhone 4 yakadaro yakanga yakagadzirwa nechip Apple A4 (2010). Yaive 32-bit chipset ine 45nm yekugadzira maitiro, kugadzirwa kwayo kwakavimbiswa neSouth Korea Samsung. Muenzaniso unotevera A5 yakaramba ichivimba ne45nm maitiro eCPU, asi yakanga yatochinja kuenda ku32nm yeGPU. Kuchinja kwakazara kwakabva kwaitika nekuuya kwechip Apple A6 muna 2012, iyo yakapa simba yepakutanga iPhone 5. Apo shanduko iyi yakauya, iPhone 5 yakapa 30% nokukurumidza CPU. Zvakadaro, panguva iyoyo kukwidziridzwa kwemachipisi kwaive kuchangotanga kuwedzera simba. Shanduko yakakosha yakabva yauya muna 2013 ne iPhone 5S, kana chip Apple A7. Yakanga iri yekutanga 64-bit chipset yemafoni, yaive yakavakirwa pane 28nm yekugadzira maitiro. Mumakore matatu chete, Apple yakakwanisa kuidzikisa nehafu. Zvakadaro, maererano neCPU neGPU kuita, yakavandudza kanenge kaviri.
iPhone 5S
Mugore rakatevera (2014), akanyorera izwi rekuti iPhone 6 uye 6 Plus, maakashanyira Apple A8. Nenzira, iyi yaive yekutanga chipset, kugadzirwa kwayo kwakatengwa neiyo yambotaurwa yeTaiwanese hofori TSMC. Ichi chidimbu chakauya ne20nm yekugadzira maitiro uye chakapa 25% yakanyanya simba CPU uye makumi mashanu muzana GPU ine simba. Kune akavandudzwa matanhatu, iyo iPhone 50S uye 6S Plus, iyo Cupertino hofori inobheja pachip Apple A9, iyo inofadza chaizvo nenzira yayo. Kugadzirwa kwayo kwakavimbiswa neese TSMC uye Samsung, asi paine musiyano wakakosha mukuita kwekugadzira. Kunyangwe makambani ese ari maviri akagadzira chip chimwechete, imwe kambani yakabuda iine 16nm process (TSMC) uye imwe ine 14nm process (Samsung). Pasinei neizvi, kusiyana kwekuita hakuna kubuda. Kwaingova nerunyerekupe rwaitenderera pakati pevashandisi veapuro kuti maPhones ane Samsung chip anoburitsa nekukurumidza pasi pemitoro inodiwa, icho chaive chokwadi. Chero zvazvingaitika, Apple yakataura mushure mebvunzo kuti uyu mutsauko muhuwandu hwe2 kusvika ku3 muzana, uye saka hauna kukanganisa chaiko.
Kugadzirwa kwechip kwe iPhone 7 uye 7 Plus, Apple A10 Fusion, yakaiswa mumaoko eTSMC gore rakatevera, iyo yakaramba iri iyo yega mugadziri kubva ipapo. Iyo modhi haina kushanduka maererano nemaitiro ekugadzira, sezvo yaive ichiri 16nm. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, Apple yakakwanisa kuwedzera kuita kwayo ne40% yeCPU uye 50% yeGPU. Aive akati wandei anonakidza Apple A11 Bionic muPhones 8, 8 Plus uye X. Iyo yekupedzisira yakazvikudza 10nm yekugadzira maitiro uye nokudaro yakaona kuvandudzwa kwakakosha. Izvi zvaive zvakanyanya nekuda kwehuwandu hwepamusoro hwemacores. Nepo iyo A10 Fusion chip yakapa huwandu hwe4 CPU cores (2 ine simba uye 2 ine hupfumi), iyo A11 Bionic ine matanhatu acho (6 ane simba uye 2 ehupfumi). Vane simba vakagamuchira 4% kukurumidza, uye munyaya yehupfumi, yakanga iri 25% yekuwedzera.
Hofori yeCupertino yakazokwevera nyika kutarisisa kwayo muna 2018 neiyo chip. Apple A12 Bionic, iyo yakava yekutanga chipset ine 7nm yekugadzira maitiro. Iyo modhi inonyanya kupa simba iyo iPhone XS, XS Max, XR, pamwe nePadad Air 3, iPad mini 5 kana iPad 8. Macores ayo maviri ane simba ari 11% nekukurumidza uye 15% zvakanyanya hupfumi zvichienzaniswa neA50 Bionic, nepo mana. economical cores inoshandisa 50% simba shoma pane yapfuura chip. Iyo Apple chip yakabva yavakwa pane imwecheteyo maitiro ekugadzira A13 Bionic yakagadzirirwa iPhone 11, 11 Pro, 11 Pro Max, SE 2 uye iPad 9. Macores ayo ane simba akanga ari 20% nekukurumidza uye 30% yakawanda yehupfumi, asi iyo yehupfumi yakagamuchira 20% kukurumidza uye 40% yakawanda yehupfumi. Akabva avhura nguva iripo Apple A14 Bionic. Yakatanga kuenda kuPad Air 4 uye mwedzi gare gare yakaonekwa muchizvarwa che iPhone 12. Panguva imwecheteyo, ndiyo yekutanga dhizaini yakatengeswa yakapa chipset maererano ne5nm yekugadzira maitiro. Panyaya yeCPU, yakavandudzwa ne40% uye muGPU ne30%. Isu parizvino takapihwa iyo iPhone 13 ine chip Apple A15 Bionic, iyo zvakare yakavakirwa pane 5nm yekugadzira maitiro. Chips kubva kuM-Series mhuri, pakati pevamwe, vanovimba nemaitiro akafanana. Apple inovatumira muMacs neApple Silicon.
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Zvichaunza ramangwana
Mukudonha, Apple inofanira kutiratidza chizvarwa chitsva chemafoni eApple, iyo iPhone 14. Zvinoenderana nekudonha kwazvino uye fungidziro, iyo Pro uye Pro Max mhando ichazvirumbidza neApple A16 chip nyowani, iyo inogona kunge ichiuya ne4nm kugadzira. process. Zvirinani izvi zvave zvichitaurwa nezvazvo kwenguva yakareba pakati pevarimi veapuro, asi kuburitswa kwazvino kunoramba shanduko iyi. Sezviri pachena, isu ticha "chete" kuona yakagadziridzwa 5nm maitiro kubva kuTSMC, ayo anovimbisa 10% kuita zvirinani uye mashandisiro emagetsi. Saka shanduko inofanira kuuya chete mugore rinotevera. Munzira iyi, pane zvakare kutaura nezve kushandisa shanduko yakazara 3nm maitiro, pairi TSMC inoshanda zvakananga neApple. Nekudaro, kuita kwe mobile chipsets kwasvika padanho risingafungidzirwe mumakore achangopfuura, izvo zvinoita kuti kufambira mberi kudiki kuve kushomeka.
Zvinogona kudaro kufarira iwe
Kubhururuka kutenderera pasirese neApple 