Ondrej Holzman MuUnited States svondo rapfuura, Apple yakatorwa pachena uye ichidzivirirwa, yaive nyaya yemuenzaniso yakabvunzurudzwa neUS Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, ndiani asingadi kuti hofori yekuCalifornia iri kuwana zororo remutero. Munzwa padivi pevamwe vamiriri vemitemo vekuAmerica itiweki yemakambani eIrish, nekuda kwekuti Apple inobhadhara zvisingaite zero mutero. Ndeipi nzira yeapuro muIreland chaizvo?
Apple yakadyara midzi yayo muIreland kare kare muna 1980. Hurumende ikoko yaitsvaga nzira dzekuchengetedza mamwe mabasa, uye sezvo Apple yakavimbisa kuvasika mune imwe yenyika dzine urombo muEurope panguva iyoyo, yakagamuchira mitero semubairo. Ndosaka yanga ichishanda pano isingabhadhari mutero kubva kuma80s.
KuIreland uye kunyanya nzvimbo yeCork County, kusvika kweApple kwakakosha. Nyika yezvitsuwa yacho yakanga iine dambudziko uye ichitarisana nezvinetso zvoupfumi. Yakanga iri mu County Cork uko nzvimbo dzezvikepe dzaivharwa uye mutsetse wekugadzira Ford wakagumira ipapo. Muna 1986, mumwe muvanhu vana akanga asiri pabasa, maIrish ainetsekana nekubuda kwehungwaru hwechidiki, uye saka kusvika kweApple kwaifanirwa kuzivisa shanduko huru. Pakutanga, zvinhu zvose zvakatanga zvishoma nezvishoma, asi nhasi kambani yeCalifornian yatoshandisa vanhu zviuru zvina muIreland.
[su_pullquote align = "kurudyi"]Kwamakore gumi okutanga takanga tisingabhadharwi mutero muIreland, hatina kubhadhara chinhu kuhurumende ikoko.[/su_pullquote]
"Paive nekuzorora kwemitero, ndosaka takaenda kuIreland," akabvuma Del Yocam, aive mutevedzeri wemutungamiri wekugadzira mukutanga kwema80. "Izvi zvaive zvibvumirano zvakakura." "Kwemakore gumi ekutanga takanga tisina mutero muIreland, hatina kubhadhara chero chinhu kuhurumende ikoko," akadaro mumwe aimbova mukuru wezvemari weApple, uyo akakumbira kusadurwa zita. Apple pachayo yakaramba kutaura nezve mamiriro akatenderedza mitero muma80s.
Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti Apple yaive kure neiyo yega kambani. Mitero yakaderera zvakare yakakwezva maIrish kune mamwe makambani aitarisa kune kunze kwenyika. Pakati pa1956 na1980, vakauya kuIreland nechikomborero uye kutozosvikira muna 1990 vaiwanzosunungurwa pakubhadhara mitero. European Economic Community chete, iyo yakatangira European Union, yakarambidza maitiro aya kubva kuIrish, saka kubva muna 1981 makambani akauya munyika aifanira kubhadhara mutero. Zvisinei, mwero wacho wakanga uchiri wakaderera - waitenderera kusvika pagumi muzana. Pamusoro pezvo, Apple yakataurirana zvisingakundiki nehurumende yeIrish kunyangwe mushure mekuchinja uku.
Asi mune imwe nzira, Apple yaive yekutanga muIreland, ichigara pano sekambani yekutanga tekinoroji kugadzira chirimwa chekugadzira muIreland, sezvakayeukwa naJohn Sculley, mukuru weApple kubva 1983 kusvika 1993. Sculley akabvumawo kuti chimwe chezvikonzero. nei Apple yakasarudza Ireland nekuda kwerubatsiro kubva kuhurumende yeIrish. Panguva imwecheteyo, veIrish vaipa mibairo yakaderera, iyo yaiyevedza kune imwe kambani inohaya zviuru zvevanhu kuita basa risingaite (kuisa midziyo yemagetsi).
Iyo Apple II komputa, Mac makomputa uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvakakura zvishoma nezvishoma muCork, izvo zvese zvakabva zvatengeswa muEurope, Middle East, Africa neAsia. Nekudaro, iyo yekuIrish mutero yekuregererwa chete haina kupa Apple mukana wekushandisa mutero usingabhadhari mumisika iyi. Chinonyanya kukosha kupfuura kugadzirwa kwekugadzira yaive pfuma yehungwaru kuseri kwehunyanzvi (iyo Apple yakagadzira muUnited States) uye kutengeswa chaiko kwezvigadzirwa, izvo zvakaitika muFrance, Britain neIndia, asi hapana imwe yenyika idzi yakapa mamiriro se. Ayarendi. Naizvozvo, kune yakanyanya mutero optimization, Apple zvakare yaifanirwa kuwedzera huwandu hwepurofiti yaigona kugoverwa kumabasa eIrish.
Basa rekugadzira iyi yakaoma system yese raifanira kupihwa kuna Mike Rashkin, wekutanga mutero mukuru weApple, akauya kukambani muna 1980 kubva kuDigital Equipment Corp., yaive imwe yemakambani ekutanga mapiyona muindasitiri yemakomputa yeAmerica. Pakanga pari pano apo Rashkin akawana ruzivo rweanoshanda mutero emakambani zvimiro, izvo zvaakazoshandisa paApple, uye nekudaro muIreland. Rashkin akaramba kutaura pamusoro peichi chokwadi, zvisinei, sezviri pachena nerubatsiro rwake, Apple yakagadzira network yakaoma yemakambani madiki uye makuru muIreland, pakati peiyo inotamisa mari nekushandisa mabhenefiti ipapo. Pakati pese network, zvikamu zviviri ndizvo zvakanyanya kukosha - Apple Operations International uye Apple Sales International.
Apple Operations International (AOI)
Apple Operations International (AOI) ndiyo kambani huru yeApple kunze kwenyika. Yakavambwa muCork muna 1980 uye chinangwa chayo chikuru ndechekubatanidza mari kubva kune mazhinji emapazi ekunze ekambani.
- Apple ine 100% yeAOI, zvakananga kana kuburikidza nemakambani ekunze ainodzora.
- AOI ine makambani akati wandei, anosanganisira Apple Operations Europe, Apple Distribution International neApple Singapore.
- AOI yanga isina kana vashandi muIreland kwemakore makumi matatu nematatu. Iyo ine vatungamiriri vaviri uye mukuru mukuru, vese kubva kuApple (mumwe weIrish, vaviri vanogara muCalifornia).
- 32 yemisangano ye33 board yakaitwa muCupertino, kwete Cork.
- AOI haibhadhare mutero munyika ipi zvayo. Iyi kambani yakabata yakataura mari inosvika mabhiriyoni makumi matatu emadhora pakati pe2009 na2012, asi haina kubatwa semutero anogara mune chero nyika.
- Mari yeAOI yakaverengera makumi matatu kubva muzana yepurofiti yepasi rose yeApple kubva 2009 kusvika 2011.
Tsananguro yekuti sei Apple kana AOI isingabhadhare mutero iri nyore. Kunyangwe iyo kambani yakavambwa muIreland, asi haana kunyorwa semutero wekugara chero kupi zvako. Ndosaka aisafanira kubhadhara sendi mutero mumakore mashanu apfuura. Apple yakawana mukana mumutemo weIrish neUS maererano nekugara mutero uye zvabuda kuti kana AOI ikaiswa muIreland asi ichitungamirirwa kubva kuUS, haafanire kubhadhara mutero kuhurumende yeIrish, asi kwete iyo yekuAmerica, nokuti yakatangwa muIreland.
Apple Sales International (ASI)
Apple Sales International (ASI) ibazi rechipiri reIrish rinoshanda sedhipoziti yekodzero dzese dzeApple dzekunze.
- ASI inotenga zvigadzirwa zveApple zvakapedzwa kubva kumafekitori echiChinese (akadai seFoxconn) uye inozvitengesa kune akakosha markup kune mamwe mapazi eApple muEurope, Middle East, India nePacific.
- Kunyangwe ASI iri bazi reIrish uye richitenga zvinhu, chikamu chidiki chete chezvigadzirwa zvinotoita kuti iende kuvhu reIrish.
- Kubva muna 2012, ASI yakanga isina vashandi, kunyange yakashuma madhora mabhiriyoni makumi matatu nemasere emari mumakore matatu.
- Pakati pa2009 na2012, Apple yakakwanisa kushandura 74 bhiriyoni yemari yepasi rose kubva kuUnited States kuburikidza nezvibvumirano zvekugovana mutengo.
- Kambani yevabereki veASI iApple Operations Europe, iyo pamwe chete ine kodzero dzese dzezvivakwa zvine chekuita nekutengesa kweApple kunotengeswa kunze kwenyika.
- Kufanana neAOI, zvakare ASI haina kunyoreswa semutero anogara chero kupi, saka haibhadhare mutero kune chero munhu. Pasi rose, ASI inobhadhara hushoma chaihwo mumitero, mumakore achangopfuura mutero wemutero hauna kupfuura chegumi chimwe kubva muzana.
Zvose mune zvose, muna 2011 uye 2012 chete, Apple yakadzivisa $ 12,5 bhiriyoni mumitero.
Kudos kuna Apple nekuchengetedza mari :)
Ivo vangangotadza kubva mugaraji kuenda kune yakakosha kambani pasirese nekushandisa zvakanyanya pazvinhu zvisina maturo :-)
Ndiani anogona, anogona Mubvunzo ndewokuti vanogona kuvaitira chero chinhu here. Kana kuti vachachinja mitemo uye Apple inofanira kutanga kubhadhara. Ane mari yakakwana zvakadaro uye aigona kunyanya kana kushomeka kutarisira.
Ivo havagone kuratidza chero chinhu kwavari, kana Apple haisi kutyora mutemo. Kuri kungoshandisa zvakanyorwa nevemutemo pachavo, vasingazvifarire iye zvino. Maitiro ese anofanirwa kunge ari pamusoro pekuvhura gakava pamusoro pekugadzirisa mutero muNyika pane kuedza kutambudza Apple. Uyezve, haisi Apple chete, ndiyo inotambira zvakanyanya izvozvi.
Ndine mari yakakwana, asi vagovani havangazvifariri - mushure mezvose, EPS yavo ichadonha
Ruzivo urwu rwatove Chishanu chekare, ndinoshamisika kuti nyika yese yakazviziva izvozvi, mushure mezvose, kambani hombe inozviita, kunyangwe Facebook nekambani yeshamwari yavo.
Hongu, vanga vachishandisa hurongwa uhu kwenguva yakareba, asi Senate yeUS yakapinda nguva yapfuura, uye zvinoita sekunge mamiriro acho haachazvida. Ndicho chikonzero chiri kugadziriswa ikozvino. Uye ndakataura kuti mamwe makambani anozviita nhasi uye munyaya yapfuura.
Nehurombo, mitemo yeUS inotsigira izvi. 35% mutero pamari yatoteswa mutero kuti idzokere kuUS? Kuseka zvishoma, zviri pachena kuti kambani hombe yese ichapfuura izvi. Kunze kwezvo, ini handisi kuita chero zvisiri pamutemo, saka ndinoona zvichisetsa kuti USA iri kuchema nekuti Ireland yaive nyika inoyevedza yeApple. Uye ndizvo zvinofanira kuitwa nenyika dzese - kukwezva vanoisa mari. Ndiyo nyaya yacho.
Ehe, ini ndichatsanangura iyi positi pazasi;)