Apple picker Mutori wenhau weCzech Patrick Zandl akaburitsa bhuku mwedzi uno achikurukura nezve shanduko yebhizinesi kubva kumakomputa emunhu kuenda kunharembozha uye nguva inotevera, yakagara kwemakore mashanu, panguva iyo Apple yakava kambani yakakosha pasi rose. Iwe unozoverenga zvakadzama zvese kuseri kweshanduko huru munharembozha uye kuti zvakazobatsira sei kugadzira musika mutsva wetablet. Heino mienzaniso yekutanga kubva mubhuku.
Iyo yekushandisa system ye iPhone OS X - iOS yakagadzirwa
Iyo inoshanda sisitimu yaivewo sarudzo yekubudirira kweiyo inouya Apple nharembozha. Uku kwaiva kutenda kwakanga kusingawanzoitiki zvachose muna 2005, "mafoni efoni" akanga asiri ekutengesa zvakanyanya, pane zvinopesana, mafoni ane chinangwa chimwe chete firmware akatengeswa sekeke rinopisa. Asi Mabasa aida kubva pafoni yake mukana wakakura wekuwedzera mune ramangwana, kuchinjika mukusimudzira uye nekudaro kugona kupindura kune ari kubuda maitiro. Uye zvakare yakanakisa kuenderana neMac papuratifomu, nekuti aitya kuti kambani yaizokundwa nekuvandudzwa kweimwe sisitimu yekushandisa. Kuvandudzwa kweSoftware, sezvatakaratidza, yanga isiri imwe yeakasimba mapoinzi eApple kwenguva yakareba.
Sarudzo yakauya muna Kukadzi 2005 nguva pfupi mushure memusangano wakavanzika nevamiriri veCingular Wireless uko Motorola isina kukokwa. Mabasa akakwanisa kugonesa Cingular kuti Apple yaizowana chikamu chemari inogadzirwa pafoni yake uye kugonesa Cingular kuti iite serious nezvekuvaka nharembozha. Kunyangwe panguva iyoyo, Mabasa aisimudzira pfungwa yekudhawunirodha mimhanzi kubva kune nharembozha, asi vamiriri veCingular vaive vasina tariro nezvekuwedzera kwemutoro unogona kuburitsa Internet. Ivo vakapokana ruzivo rwekudhawunirodha kurira uye mawebhusaiti uye, sezvicharatidza ramangwana, vakarerutsa hype iyo Jobs akakwanisa kugadzira nemudziyo wake. Izvo zvinovadzosera kumashure.
Aya ndiwo matangiro anoita chirongwa Purple 2, iyo Mabasa anoda kufamba kupfuura mahorizons ekubatana kusingagutsi neMotorola. Chinangwa: nharembozha yayo yakavakirwa pamatekinoroji ayo Apple yakawana parizvino kana ichakurumidza kugadzira, akati wandei (akadai seFingerWorks) ayo Mabasa akange aronga kushandisa pakuvaka piritsi raaida kutanga. Asi aifanira kusarudza: angave achakurumidza kuvhura nhare mbozha ine iPod yakasanganiswa uye nekudaro kuchengetedza dambudziko riri kuuya rekutengesa iPod, kana kuzadzisa kurota kwake uye kutanga piritsi. Haazokwanisi kuva nazvo zvese, nekuti kubatana neMotorola hakuzomupe iPod munharembozha yake, zvaive zvatove pachena panguva iyoyo, kunyangwe zvichatora imwe hafu yegore Motorola ROKR isati yarova. market. Pakupedzisira, pamwe zvinoshamisa, asi zvine musoro, Mabasa akabheja pakuchengetedza musika wemimhanzi, akamisa kuvhurwa kwetablet uye akachinjisa zviwanikwa zvese kuPurple 2 purojekiti, chinangwa chayo chaive chekuvaka nharembozha ine iPod.
Sarudzo yekuchinjisa iyo kambani Mac OS X inoshanda sisitimu yenharembozha yakanga isiri nekuda kwekuti pakanga pasina dzimwe sarudzo dzakawanda, asiwo mukana wekuzosangana kwechigadzirwa. Kuwedzera kwesimba remakomputa uye kugona kuyeuka kwemafoni enhare kwakatendesa Mabasa kuti mune ramangwana zvaizogoneka kupa maapplication parunhare akafanana neaya anoshandiswa pamatafura uye kuti zvingave zvakanaka kuvimba pane imwechete yekushandisa system musimboti.
Kuti kukurumidze budiriro, zvakasarudzwawo kuti zvikwata zviviri zvakazvimirira zvichasikwa. Chikwata chehardware chichava nebasa rekukurumidza kuvaka nharembozha pachayo, chimwe chikwata chichatarisa kugadzirisa OS X system yekushandisa.
Mac OS X, OS X uye iOS
Pane kuvhiringika kuApple nekunyorwa kwemashandisirwo eshanduro yesystem. Iyo yepakutanga vhezheni yeiyo inoshanda sisitimu ye iPhone haina zita - Apple inoshandisa iyo laconic zita "iPhone inomhanyisa vhezheni yeOS X" mune yayo yekushambadzira zvinhu. Iyo gare gare inotanga kushandisa "iPhone OS" kureva iyo foni yekushandisa system. Nekuburitswa kwevhezheni yayo yechina muna 2010, Apple yakatanga kushandisa zvine hungwaru zita rekuti iOS. Muna Kukadzi 2012, desktop inoshanda sisitimu "Mac OS X" ichapihwa zita rekuti "OS X" chete, izvo zvinogona kunge zvichivhiringa. Semuenzaniso, mumusoro wechitsauko chino, pandinoyedza kufunga nezve chokwadi chekuti iOS pamusimboti wayo inobva kuOS X.
Darwin kumashure
Pano tinofanira kuita imwe nzira yekutenderera yakananga kuDarwin operating system. Apple payakatenga Jobs 'kambani NeXT muna 1997, iyo NEXTSTEP inoshanda sisitimu uye musiyano wayo wakagadzirwa mukubatana neSun Microsystems uye inonzi OpenSTEP yakava chikamu chekutengeserana. Iyo NEXTSTEP inoshanda sisitimu yaizovewo hwaro hweApple nyowani yekushandisa komputa, mushure mezvose, ichi chaive chimwe chezvikonzero nei Apple yakatenga Mabasa 'NeXT. Iyo inoyevedza uye panguva iyoyo pamwe isingakosheswe runako rweNEXTSTEP yaive hunhu hwayo hwakawanda-platform, sisitimu iyi yaigona kushandiswa zvese paIntel x86 papuratifomu uye paMotorola 68K, PA-RISC uye SPARC, kureva kuti pane ese ma processor anoshandiswa nemapuratifomu edesktop. panguva iyoyo. Uye zvaive zvichikwanisika kugadzira mafaira ekugovera ane mabhinari shanduro yepurogiramu kune ese processor mapuratifomu, anonzi mafuta mabhanari.
Nhaka yeNeXT saka yakashanda sehwaro hwekugadzirwa kwehurongwa hutsva hwekushandisa hunodaidzwa kuti Rhapsody, iyo Apple yakatanga kuburitsa pamusangano wevagadziri muna 1997. Iyi sisitimu yakaunza shanduko dzakati wandei zvichienzaniswa neshanduro dzakapfuura dzeMac OS, kubva pamaonero edu. izvi zvinonyanya zvinotevera:
- iyo kernel uye yakabatana subsystems yakavakirwa paMach uye BSD
- subsystem yekuenderana neyekare Mac OS (Blue Box) - gare gare inozivikanwa zviri nani seClassic interface
- yakawedzera kushandiswa kweOpenStep API (Yero Bhokisi) - yakazoshanduka kuita Cocoa.
- Java virtual muchina
- iyo windowsing system yakavakirwa paDispla PostScript
- interface yakavakirwa paMac OS asi yakasanganiswa neOpenSTEP
Apple yakaronga kuendesa kuRhapsody akawanda software zvimiro (frameworks) kubva kuMac OS, senge QuickTime, QuickDraw 3D, QuickDraw GX kana ColorSync, pamwe nemafaira masisitimu kubva kumakomputa ekutanga eApple Apple Filing Protocol (AFP), HFS, UFS nevamwe. . Asi nokukurumidza zvakava pachena kuti iri rakanga risiri basa riri nyore. Yekutanga kuvandudza kuburitswa (DR1) munaGunyana 1997 yakateverwa neyechipiri DR2 muna Chivabvu 1998, asi pakanga pachine basa rakawanda raifanira kuitwa. Yekutanga dhizaini yekuongorora (Developer Preview 1) yakauya gore rakatevera, muna Chivabvu 1999, uye sisitimu yacho yaitonzi Mac OS X, mwedzi zvisati zvaitika, Apple yakapatsanura server vhezheni Mac OS X Server 1 kubva pairi, iyo yakaburitswa zviri pamutemo uye zvakare yakavhurika-sosi vhezheni yeDarwin, nekudaro ichisangana ne (yakanyanya kukwikwidzwa uye nekukakavadzana) chikamu chemamiriro ekuburitsa masource codes esystem inoshandisa mamwe akavhurika sosi zvikamu zvinoda izvi uye izvo zvakasanganisirwa Apple muhurongwa hwayo payaive. zvichibva paMach uye BSD kernels.
Darwin ichokwadi Mac OS X isina graphical interface uye isina nhamba yemaraibhurari evaridzi akadai seFairPlay mimhanzi faira chengetedzo. Unogona kuidhawunirodha, sezvo gare gare chete sosi mafaera aripo, kwete mabhinari vhezheni, unogona kuunganidza uye kumhanyisa iwo senge inoshanda sisitimu pane akasiyana processor mapuratifomu. Kuenda kumberi, Darwin achashanda mabasa maviri paApple: achange ari chiyeuchidzo chenguva dzose kuti kuendesa Mac OS X kune imwe processor chikuva hakuzove kwakaoma zvekuti kusashanda. Uye ichave mhinduro kune zvakachengetwa kuti software yeApple yakavharwa, muridzi, inova fungidziro iyo Apple ichagadzira gare gare, kunyanya muEurope. MuAmerica, uko kwanyanya kupararira mune zvedzidzo uye Darwin inowanzoshandiswa pano pane akati wandei emaseva echikoro, ruzivo rwekuvhurika uye kushandiswa kwezvikamu zvakajairwa mukati meApple software yakakura zvikuru. Darwin ichiri musimboti weese Mac OS X sisitimu nhasi, uye ine boka rakafara revanopa kune yakavhurika sosi budiriro, neiyo budiriro ichidyisa kumashure mukati meMac OS X zvakare.
Yekutanga Mac OS X 10.0 kuburitswa, yakanzi Cheetah, inoburitswa munaKurume 2001, makore mana mushure mekunge Rhapsody yatanga kusimudzira, iyo yaifungidzirwa kuti yaive nyore kupepeta kuti ishandiswe papuratifomu yeApple. Chinhu chinonyadzisa chakagadzira matambudziko akawanda kune kambani, nokuti kwemakore mana iyo yakamanikidza vashandisi vayo pane isingafadzi uye isingavimbisi Mac OS platform.
Darwin nokudaro yakava hwaro hwehurongwa hwekushandisa pasi peProjekti Purple 2. Panguva yazvaisazivikanwa kana Apple yaizofunga kushandisa maARM processors, umo maive nedanda rekugadzira, kana Intel, iro rakanga richangotanga kushandiswa mumatafura. , yakanga iri sarudzo yakachenjera zvikuru, nokuti yakaita kuti zvikwanise kuchinja purogiramu yepurogiramu pasina kurwadziwa kukuru, sezvakaita Apple nePowerPC neIntel. Pamusoro pezvo, yaive compact uye yakaratidza system iyo interface (API) yaifanira kuwedzerwa - mune iyi kesi Cocoa Touch, kubata-yakagadziridzwa OpenSTEP API ine raibhurari yenharembozha.
Pakupedzisira, dhizaini yakagadzirwa iyo yakakamura sisitimu muzvikamu zvina zvekubvisa:
- iyo kernel layer ye system
- kernel services layer
- media layer
- iyo Cocoa Touch touch interface layer
Sei zvaive zvakakosha uye zvakakosha kucherechedza? Mabasa aitenda kuti nharembozha inofanirwa kupindura zvakakwana kune zvinodiwa nemushandisi. Kana mushandisi akadzvanya bhatani, foni inofanira kudaira. Zvinofanira kubvuma zviripachena kuti yakagamuchira kupinza kwemushandisi, uye izvi zvinonyanya kuitwa nekuita basa raunoda. Mumwe wevagadziri airatidza nzira iyi kuMabasa panhare yeNokia neSymbian system, uko foni yakapindura kunonoka kudzvanya dial. Mushandisi akatsvaira zita mune rondedzero uye netsaona akadaidza rimwe zita. Izvi zvakashungurudza Mabasa uye aisada kuona zvakadaro panharembozha yake. Iyo inoshanda sisitimu yaifanira kugadzirisa sarudzo yemushandisi sechinhu chakakosha, iyo Cocoa Touch touch interface yaive nepamusoro pekutanga muhurongwa. Kumashure kwake chete ndiko kwakazove nemamwe maseru ehurongwa. Kana mushandisi akaita sarudzo kana kuisa, chimwe chinhu chaifanira kuitika kuvimbisa mushandisi kuti zvese zvaifamba zvakanaka. Imwe nharo yeiyi nzira yaive "jumping icons" mudesktop Mac OS X. Kana mushandisi akatanga chirongwa kubva kune system dock, kazhinji hapana chinooneka chakaitika kwechinguvana kusvikira chirongwa chacho chazara zvizere kubva kudhisiki kuenda ku RAM yekombuta. Vashandisi vaizoramba vachidzvanya pane icon nekuti vaisazoziva kuti chirongwa chave kutotakurwa mundangariro. Vagadziri vakabva vagadzirisa nekuita iyo icon kutenderera kusvika chirongwa chose chaiswa mundangariro. Mune iyo mobile vhezheni, sisitimu yaida kupindura kune chero mushandisi kuisa zvakafanana nekukasira.
Iyi nzira yakazodzika midzi munharembozha zvekuti kunyangwe mabasa ega ega mukati meCocoa Touch anogadziriswa muhurongwa nemakirasi akasiyana ekutanga kuitira kuti mushandisi ave nekutaridzika kwakanyanya kwekuita kwefoni nyoro.
Panguva ino, Apple yanga isingaite zvekumhanya yechitatu-bato mapurogiramu pafoni. Zvaisatombodiwa panguva iyi. Ehe, iyo inouya sisitimu yekushandisa yakatsigira zvizere preemptive multitasking, kuchengetedza ndangariro uye zvimwe zvepamberi zvemazuva ano masisitimu ekushandisa, ayo aive akasiyana nemamwe masisitimu ekushandisa panguva iyoyo ainetsekana nekuchengetedza ndangariro (Symbian), multitasking (Palm OS) kana zvimwewo. nezvose zviri zviviri (Windows CE). Asi Mabasa akatarisa nhare iri kuuya semudziyo unozoshandiswa kushandisa mimhanzi inopihwa neApple. Chechitatu-bato maapplication aingononoka, uye Mabasa akaona kuti akati wandei anofanirwa kugadziriswa pavari, senge nzira yekugovera, saka kunyangwe mobile OS X yakatsigira kugona kumhanyisa mamwe maapplication kumashure kwekuzvarwa, Apple yakaganhurirwa. mukana uyu. Kana iyo iPhone yarova pamusika, chete "jailbroken" mafoni asina dziviriro iyi anogona kuisa ari kubuda echitatu-bato mapurogiramu. Nguva refu mushure mekutangwa kwe iPhone muna Ndira 2007, Mabasa akafungidzira kuti vanogadzira vaizogadzira mawebhu-chete mapurogiramu uye kuti Apple chete ndiyo yaizogadzira maapps emuno.
Kunyangwe muzhizha ra2006, zvakadaro, kukwidziridzwa kweiyo mobile version yeOS X yaive mune isingagutsi zvachose. Kunyangwe iyo yekutanga kutakurwa kweiyo sisitimu yakaitika munguva pfupi pfupi nechikwata chemainjiniya maviri chete, kuwirirana uye kurongeka kwezvinhu zvega zvefoni mbozha nhare kwaishuvira. Mafoni akadonha, software yakadonha kazhinji, hupenyu hwebhatiri hwaive hwakaderera zvisingaite. Apo vanhu 2005 vakanga vachishanda mubasa racho muna September 200, nhamba yacho yakakurumidza kukura kusvika kuXNUMX mumapoka maviri akafanana, asi yakanga isati yakwana. Kukanganisa kwakakomba kwaive kuvanzika kwakashanda Apple: vanhu vatsva vaisawanikwa nekutorwa kwevanhu, asi nekurudziro, kazhinji kuburikidza nevamiriri. Semuenzaniso, chikamu chekuyedza chechikwata chesoftware chaive chakanyanya, prototyping uye kuyedzwa kwakaitika nevanhu vaitaurirana zvakanyanya neemail uye kwenguva yakareba vasingatomboziva kuti vari kushandira Apple. Kusvikira padanho rakadai rekuvanzika rasvika.
Unogona kuwana rumwe ruzivo nezve bhuku pa Webhusaiti yaPatrick Zandl. Bhuku rinogona kutengwa rakadhindwa muzvitoro zvemabhuku Neoluxor a Kosmas, shanduro yemagetsi iri kugadzirwa.
kwatova nezvakawanda
Bhuku raW.Walter Isaacson naJay Elliot rakanga rakakwana.
Ndakaaverenga ese ari maviri, uye chekutanga chakandipa zvakanyanya.
Zvakanyanya ... munhu wese ari kunyora nezvaSteve izvozvi uye anongoda kuita mari.
Zvimwe zvakawanda, asi bhuku rino rinosvika pairi zvakasiyana, hariite Mabasa "mwari", asi zvese zvinoiswa muchirevo pano.
Usashatise basa raPatrik!
Chitarisiko ichi hachizove pano uye changa chisipo.
Pamwe kunyange kunze kwenyika :-)