Filip Novotny Nguva pfupi isati yatangwa yekutanga iPhone, Steve Jobs akadana vashandi vake uye akatsamwira boka rezvikwapuro zvakaonekwa pane prototype yaaishandisa mushure memavhiki mashoma. Zvaive pachena kuti hazvaigona kushandisa girazi rakajairika, saka Mabasa akabatana nekambani yegirazi Corning. Zvisinei, nhoroondo yaro inodzokera shure mukati mezana ramakore rapfuura.
Zvose zvakatanga nekuedza kumwe kwakakundikana. Rimwe zuva muna 1952, nyanzvi yekemisitiri yeCorning Glass Works Don Stookey akaedza muenzaniso wegirazi rinonzwa uye akariisa muvira re600°C. Nekudaro, panguva yekuyedzwa, kukanganisa kwakaitika mune imwe yevatongi uye tembiricha yakakwira kusvika 900 ° C. Stookey aitarisira kuwana bundu regirazi rakanyungudutswa nechoto chakaparadzwa mushure mekukanganisa uku. Pane kudaro, zvisinei, akawana kuti muenzaniso wake wakanga washanduka kuita jira jena remukaka. Paakada kumubata, mbanje dzakatsvedza ndokuwira pasi. Panzvimbo pokuputsika pasi, yakaputika.
Don Stookey akanga asingazvizivi panguva iyoyo, asi akanga achangobva kugadzira girazi rekutanga rekugadzira ceramic; Corning akazodaidza chinhu ichi kuti Pyroceram. Yakareruka kupfuura aruminiyamu, yakaoma kudarika high-carbon steel, uye yakasimba kakawanda kudarika girazi resoda-lime, yakakurumidza kushandiswa muzvinhu zvose kubva pazvombo zvinokandwa kusvika kumarabhoritari emakemikari. Yakashandiswawo mumavheni emicrowave, uye muna 1959 Pyroceram yakapinda mudzimba nenzira yeCorningWare cookware.
Chinhu chitsva ichi chaive chikomborero chikuru chemari kuCorning uye chakagonesa kutangwa kweProjekti Muscle, kuedza kukuru kwekutsvaga kutsvaga dzimwe nzira dzekuomesa girazi. Kubudirira kukuru kwakaitika apo vatsvakurudzi vakauya nenzira yekusimbisa girazi kuburikidza nekuinyudza mumushonga unopisa we potassium munyu. Vakaona kuti pavakawedzera aluminium oxide mukugadzirwa kwegirazi vasati vainyudza mumushonga, mhedzisiro yacho yaive yakasimba uye yakasimba. Masayendisiti akabva atanga kukanda girazi rakaoma kudaro kubva muchivako chavo chenhurikidzwa pfumbamwe uye kubhomba girazi, rinozivikanwa mukati se0317, nehuku dzakaoma nechando. Girazi raigona kukotamiswa uye kumonyaniswa kusvika padanho risingaite uyezve kushingirira kumanikidzwa kwe17 kg/cm. (Giraziwo zvaro rinogona kudzvinyirirwa inenge 850 1 kg/cm.) Muna 250, Corning akatanga kupa mashoko acho pasi pezita rokuti Chemcor, achidavira kuti aizowana kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakadai sedzimba dzenhare, mahwindo ejeri, kana kuti magirazi emaziso.
Kunyange zvazvo pakanga pane chido chakawanda mune zvinyorwa pakutanga, kutengesa kwaiva kwakaderera. Makambani akati wandei akaisa odha dzemagirazi ekuchengetedza. Nekudaro, izvi zvakakurumidza kubviswa nekuda kwekunetsekana pamusoro penzira inoputika iyo girazi raigona kuputsika. Chemcor inoratidzika kunge inogona kuve yakanakira zvinhu zvemotokari mahwindi; kunyangwe yaionekwa mune mashoma AMC Javelins, vagadziri vazhinji vaive vasina chokwadi nezvayo. Ivo vaisatenda kuti Chemcor yaive yakakosha kukwidzwa kwemutengo, kunyanya sezvo vaive vabudirira kushandisa girazi rakashongedzwa kubva kuma30s.
Corning akagadzira hutsva hunodhura hwaive husina hanya nahwo. Zvechokwadi haana kubatsirwa nemiedzo yekuputsika, iyo yakaratidza kuti nemagetsi emhepo "musoro wemunhu unoratidza zvakanyanya kuderera" - Chemcor yakapona isina kukuvadzwa, asi dehenya revanhu harina.
Mushure mekunge kambani yaedza kutengesa zvinhu izvi kuFord Motors nevamwe vanogadzira mota, Project Muscle yakamiswa muna 1971 uye Chemcor zvinhu zvakapera muchando. Yakanga iri mhinduro yaifanira kumirira dambudziko chairo.
Tiri mudunhu reNew York, kune chivako chedzimbahwe reCorning. Mukuru wekambani iyi, Wendell Weeks, ane hofisi yake pauriri hwechipiri. Uye ndizvo chaizvo pano apo Steve Jobs akapa Vhiki yemakore makumi mashanu neshanu basa raiita serisingabviri: kugadzira mazana ezviuru zvemamita emamita egirazi rakatetepa uye rakasimba-rakasimba iro rakanga risipo kusvika zvino. Uye mukati memwedzi mitanhatu. Nyaya yekubatana uku - kusanganisira kuedza kweMabasa kudzidzisa Vhiki misimboti yekuti girazi rinoshanda sei uye kutenda kwake kuti chinangwa chinogona kuwanikwa - chinozivikanwa. Kuti Corning akazviita sei hazvichazikanwi.
Mavhiki akabatana nefemu muna 1983; 2005 isati yasvika, akatora chinzvimbo chepamusoro, achitarisira chikamu cheterevhizheni pamwe nedhipatimendi rezvikumbiro zvehunyanzvi. Mubvunze nezvegirazi uye iye achakuudza kuti chinhu chakanakisa uye chekunze, izvo zvinogoneka izvo masayendisiti achangotanga kuwana nhasi. Iye achafara nezve "huchokwadi" hwayo uye kunakidza kune iyo kubata, kungokuudza nezve yayo yemuviri hunhu mushure mechinguva.
Vhiki neMabasa zvakagovana kushaya simba kwekugadzira uye kushushikana neruzivo. Vese vari vaviri vakakwezvwa nematambudziko makuru nemazano. Kubva kudivi remaneja, zvisinei, Mabasa aive mudzvanyiriri, nepo Vhiki, kune rumwe rutivi (kufanana nevazhinji vevakamutangira paCorning), anotsigira hutongi hwakasununguka pasina kunyanya kukoshesa kuzviisa pasi. "Hapana kupatsanurwa pakati pangu nevaongorori vega," anodaro Weeks.
Uye zvechokwadi, kunyangwe yaive kambani hombe-yaive nevashandi zviuru makumi maviri nepfumbamwe uye $29 bhiriyoni mumari gore rapfuura-Corning ichiri kuita sebhizinesi diki. Izvi zvinogoneka nehuremu hwayo kubva kunze kwenyika, mwero wekufa unotenderera 000% gore rega rega, uye zvakare nhoroondo yekambani ine mukurumbira. (Don Stookey, zvino ane makore 7,9, uye dzimwe ngano dzeCorning dzichiri kuoneka mukoridho uye mumarabhoritari enzvimbo yekutsvakurudza yeSullivan Park.) “Tese tiripo kweupenyu hwose,” anonyemwerera Mavhiki. "Isu takazivana pano kwenguva yakareba uye takasangana nekubudirira kwakawanda uye kukundikana pamwe chete."
Imwe yekukurukurirana kwekutanga pakati peVhiki neMabasa yakanga isina chekuita negirazi. Pane imwe nguva, Corning masayendisiti aishanda pa microprojection tekinoroji - kunyanya, nzira iri nani yekushandisa synthetic green lasers. Pfungwa huru yaive yekuti vanhu havadi kutarisa pane diki kuratidza pafoni yavo zuva rese kana vachida kuona mafirimu kana terevhizheni, uye fungidziro yaiita senge mhinduro chaiyo. Nekudaro, Mavhiki paakakurukura zano neMabasa, mukuru weApple akazviramba sezvisina maturo. Panguva imwecheteyo, akataura kuti ari kushanda pane chimwe chinhu chiri nani - chigadziro icho chiso chayo chakanyatsogadzirwa nechiratidziro. Yainzi iPhone.
Kunyangwe Mabasa akashora ma green lasers, anomiririra iyo "innovation nekuda kwekuvandudza" inova hunhu hweCorning. Iyo kambani ine ruremekedzo rwekuyedza zvekuti inodyara inoremekedzeka 10% yepurofiti yayo mukutsvaga nekusimudzira gore rega rega. Uye munguva dzakanaka uye dzakaipa. Pakaputika dot-com bubble rinotyisa muna 2000 uye kukosha kwaCorning kwakadzikira kubva pamadhora zana kusvika pamadhora zana nemakumi mashanu, CEO wayo akavimbisa vaongorori kwete chete kuti tsvakiridzo yaive ichiri pamoyo wekambani, asi kuti kwaive kutsvagisa nekusimudzira kwaiita kuti irambe ichienderera. dzosera kubudiriro.
"Ndiyo imwe yemakambani mashoma-akavakirwa tekinoroji anokwanisa kugadzirisa nguva nenguva," anodaro Rebecca Henderson, purofesa weHarvard Business School uyo akadzidza nhoroondo yeCorning. "Izvi zviri nyore kutaura, asi zvakaoma kuita." Chikamu chekubudirira uku chiri mukukwanisa kwete chete kugadzira matekinoroji matsva, asi zvakare kuona kuti ungatanga sei kugadzira iwo pamwero mukuru. Kunyangwe Corning ikabudirira munzira mbiri idzi, zvinogona kazhinji kutora makumi emakore kuwana yakakodzera - uye inokwana pundutso - musika wechigadzirwa chayo. Sekutaura kunoita Purofesa Henderson, hunyanzvi, maererano naCorning, kazhinji zvinoreva kutora pfungwa dzakakundikana uye kudzishandisa kune chinangwa chakasiyana zvachose.
Pfungwa yekubvisa masampuli eChemcor yakauya muna 2005, Apple isati yatombopinda mumutambo. Panguva iyoyo, Motorola yakaburitsa iyo Razr V3, mbozhanhare mbozha yaishandisa girazi pachinzvimbo cheyakajairika purasitiki yakaoma. Corning yakaumba boka diki rakapihwa basa rekuona kana zvaikwanisika kumutsiridza Type 0317 girazi kuti ishandiswe mumidziyo yakaita senharembozha kana wachi. Iwo ekare Chemcor samples aive akapoteredza 4 millimeters gobvu. Pamwe vanogona kutetepa. Mushure meongororo dzakati wandei dzemusika, manejimendi ekambani akave nechokwadi chekuti kambani yaigona kuita mari shoma kubva kune ichi chakasarudzika chigadzirwa. Chirongwa ichi chakanzi Gorilla Girazi.
Pakazosvika 2007, apo Jobs akataura pfungwa dzake pamusoro pezvinyorwa zvitsva, chirongwa chacho hachina kusvika kure. Apple yaida zvakajeka huwandu hukuru hwe1,3mm mutete, girazi rakaomeswa nemakemikari - chimwe chinhu chisina munhu akambogadzira. Chemcor, iyo haisati yagadzirwa-zhinji, ingave yakabatana nehurongwa hwekugadzira hunogona kuzadzisa kudiwa kukuru? Zvinogoneka here kugadzira chinhu chakagadzirirwa girazi remotokari ultra-tete uye panguva imwechete kuchengetedza simba rayo? Kuomesa makemikari kuchatoshanda pagirazi rakadaro here? Panguva iyoyo hapana aiziva mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi. Saka Vhiki akaita chaizvo izvo zvaizoitwa chero nechero njodzi-averse CEO. Akati hongu.
Kune chinhu chine mukurumbira wakashata zvekuti hachionekwe, girazi remaindasitiri emazuva ano rakaomarara. Yakajairika soda-lime girazi inokwana kugadzirwa kwemabhodhoro kana magirobhu emwenje, asi haina kukodzera kune mamwe mashandisirwo, sezvo inogona kupwanyika kuita shards dzakapinza. Girazi reBorosilicate rakadai sePyrex rakanakisa pakurwisa kuvhunduka kwemafuta, asi kunyungudika kwayo kunoda simba rakawanda. Pamusoro pezvo, kune nzira mbiri chete dzinogona kugadzirwa negirazi - fusion draw tekinoroji uye maitiro anozivikanwa seyangarara, apo girazi rakanyungudutswa rinodirwa pachigadziko cherata rakanyungudutswa. Imwe yezvinetso izvo fekitari yegirazi inofanirwa kutarisana nayo kudiwa kwekufananidza kuumbwa kutsva, nezvose zvinodiwa, kune maitiro ekugadzira. Chinhu chimwe chete kugadzira formula. Maererano naye, chinhu chechipiri ndechekuita chigadzirwa chekupedzisira.
Pasinei nekuumbwa, chikamu chikuru chegirazi is silica (aka jecha). Sezvo ine yakanyanya kunyungudika (1 °C), mamwe makemikari, akadai sodium oxide, anoshandiswa kuidzikisa. Nekuda kweizvi, zvinokwanisika kushanda negirazi zviri nyore uye zvakare kuigadzira zvakachipa. Mazhinji emakemikari aya anopawo maitiro chaiwo kune girazi, sekupokana neX-rays kana tembiricha yepamusoro, kugona kuratidza chiedza kana kuparadzira mavara. Zvisinei, matambudziko anomuka kana kuumbwa kuchichinjwa: kugadziridza kuduku kunogona kukonzera chigadzirwa chakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, kana iwe ukashandisa dense zvinhu zvakadai sebarium kana lanthanum, iwe uchawana kuderedzwa kwekunyunguduka, asi iwe unoisa mungozi kuti iyo yekupedzisira zvinhu haizove yakazara homogeneous. Uye paunosimbisa girazi, iwe unowedzerawo njodzi yekuputika kwekuputika kana ikaputsika. Muchidimbu, girazi chinhu chinotongwa nekusawirirana. Izvi ndizvo chaizvo nei zvinyorwa, uye kunyanya izvo zvakagadzirirwa kune yakatarwa maitiro ekugadzira, ari chakavanzika chakanyanya kuchengetedzwa.
Imwe yematanho akakosha mukugadzirwa kwegirazi kutonhora kwayo. Mukugadzirwa kwakawanda kwegirazi rakajairwa, zvakakosha kuti utonhodze zvinhu zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvakafanana kuderedza kushushikana kwemukati izvo zvingaite kuti girazi rive nyore kuputsika. Negirazi rakadzikama, kune rumwe rutivi, chinangwa ndechekuwedzera kukakavara pakati pemukati nekunze kwemukati mechinhu. Kupisa kwegirazi kunogona kuita zvinoshamisa kuti girazi rive nesimba: girazi rinotanga kupisa kusvika rapfava uyezve kunze kwaro kutonhora zvakanyanya. Iro kunze rinokurumidza kupera, nepo mukati richiramba rakanyunguduka. Munguva yekutonhora, mukati memukati unoedza kuderera, nokudaro uchiita pane yekunze. Kushushikana kunogadzirwa pakati pechinhu uku iyo pamusoro ichiwedzera densified. Girazi rakapfava rinogona kuputswa kana tikapinda nepakati pekunze kwekumanikidza munzvimbo yekushushikana. Zvisinei, kunyange kuoma kwegirazi kune miganhu yayo. Iyo yakawanda inogona kuwedzera musimba rezvinyorwa zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwekuderera kwayo panguva yekutonhora; nziyo zhinji dzinodzikira zvishoma.
Hukama huri pakati pekudzvanyirira nekunetsekana hunonyatso kuratidzwa nekuyedza kunotevera: nekudira girazi rakanyungudutswa mumvura yechando, tinogadzira maumbirwo akafanana nemisodzi, iyo yakakora chikamu inokwanisa kumirisana nedzvinyiriro yakawandisa, kusanganisira kudzokororwa kwesando. Zvisinei, chikamu chakaonda pamagumo emadonhwe chinowedzera njodzi. Patinoityora, quarry inobhururuka nepakati pechinhu chose ichimhanya inopfuura 3 km / h, nokudaro ichiburitsa kushushikana kwemukati. Zvinoputika. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kuumbwa kunogona kuputika nesimba rakadaro zvokuti rinobudisa chiedza chechiedza.
Kupisa kemikari kwegirazi, nzira yakagadziridzwa muma60s, inogadzira kudzvanywa kwakangofanana nekupisa, asi kuburikidza nenzira inonzi ion exchange. Aluminosilicate girazi, yakadai seGorilla Girazi, ine silica, aluminium, magnesium, uye sodium. Kana yakanyudzwa mumunyu we potassium wakanyungudutswa, girazi rinopisa uye rinowedzera. Sodium ne potassium zvinogovera mbiru imwechete muperiodic tafura yezvinhu uye nokudaro unoita zvakafanana. Kupisa kwepamusoro kubva mumushonga wemunyu kunowedzera kutama kweiyo sodium kubva mugirazi, uye potassium ions, kune rumwe rutivi, inogona kutora nzvimbo yavo isina kukanganiswa. Sezvo potassium ions yakakura kudarika hydrogen ions, inonyanya kuiswa panzvimbo imwe chete. Sezvo girazi rinotonhora, rinowedzera zvakanyanya, richigadzira dhizaini yepamusoro. (Corning inova nechokwadi chekuchinjanisa ion nekudzora zvinhu zvakaita setembiricha nenguva.) Zvichienzaniswa nekudziya kwegirazi, kuomesa kemikari kunovimbisa kudzvanyirira kwakanyanya kuri pamusoro pedhizaini (nekudaro kuvimbisa kusvika kana kana simba) uye inogona kushandiswa pagirazi chero ripi zvaro. ukobvu uye chimiro.
Pakupera kwaKurume, vaongorori vaive neformula nyowani yave kutogadzirira. Nekudaro, ivo vachiri kufanirwa kutsvaga nzira yekugadzira. Kugadzira nzira itsva yekugadzira yaive kunze kwemubvunzo sezvo zvaizotora makore. Kuti asangane nenguva yakatarwa naApple, vaviri vesaenzi, Adam Ellison naMat Dejneka, vakapihwa basa rekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa nzira iyo kambani yaive yatoshandisa zvinobudirira. Vaida chimwe chinhu chaizokwanisa kugadzira magirazi matete, akajeka mumavhiki mashoma.
Masayendisiti aingove nesarudzo imwe chete: iyo fusion draw process. (Kune matekinoroji mazhinji matsva muindasitiri iyi ine hutsva hwakanyanya, mazita ayo kazhinji haasati ave neakaenzana neCzech.) Panguva iyi, girazi rakanyungudutswa rinodirwa paweji yakakosha inonzi "isopipe". Girazi rinofashukira kumativi ose echikamu chakakora cheweji uye rinobatanidza zvakare kudivi rakatetepa rezasi. Inobva yafamba nema rollers ayo speed yakanyatsoiswa. Pavanokurumidza kufamba, girazi richave rakatetepa.
Imwe yemafekitari anoshandisa maitiro aya ari muHarrodsburg, Kentucky. Mukutanga kwa2007, bazi iri rakanga richimhanya zvakazara, uye matangi aro manomwe emamita mashanu akaunza 450 kg yegirazi yakagadzirirwa LCD mapaneru eterevhizheni munyika awa yega yega. Imwe yeaya matangi inogona kukwana kune yekutanga kudiwa kubva kuApple. Asi kutanga zvakanga zvakakodzera kudzokorora mafomula yekare Chemcor nziyo. Kwete chete girazi raifanirwa kuve rakatetepa 1,3 mm, raifanirwawo kuve rakanyanya kunaka kutarisa pane, toti, nhare yekuzadza nhare. Elisson nechikwata chake vaive nemavhiki matanhatu ekuti vakwane. Kuti girazi rigadziriswe mu "fusion dhizaini" maitiro, zvinodikanwa kuti ive yakanyanya kuchinjika kunyangwe pakudziya kwakadzikira. Dambudziko nderekuti chero chinhu chaunoita kuti uvandudze elasticity inowedzerawo zvakanyanya kunyungudika. Nekutora zvakati wandei zviripo uye nekuwedzera chimwe chinhu chakavanzika, masayendisiti akakwanisa kuvandudza viscosity apo achipa yakakwira voltage mugirazi uye nekukurumidza ion exchange. Tangi yakatangwa muna Chivabvu 2007. Muna Chikumi, yakagadzira Gorilla Girazi rakakwana kuti rizadze nhandare ina dzenhabvu.
Mumakore mashanu, Gorilla Girazi rabva pakuva chinhuwo zvacho richienda kune rinoyevedza chiyero - diki diki rinopatsanura isu pachedu kubva kuhupenyu chaihwo hwatinotakura muhomwe dzedu. Isu tinobata chikamu chekunze chegirazi uye muviri wedu unovhara dunhu pakati pe electrode nemuvakidzani wayo, kushandura kufamba kuita data. Gorilla yave kuwanikwa muzvigadzirwa zvinopfuura mazana manomwe nemakumi mashanu kubva kumhando makumi matatu nenhatu pasi rese, kusanganisira malaptop, mahwendefa, mafoni nematerevhizheni. Kana iwe uchigara uchimhanyisa chigunwe chako pane mudziyo, unenge watojairana neGorilla Girazi.
Mari yeCorning yakakwira nekufamba kwemakore, kubva pamadhora 20 miriyoni muna 2007 kusvika pamadhora mazana manomwe emadhora muna 700. Uye zvinoita sekunge pachava nezvimwe zvinogoneka kushandiswa kwegirazi. Eckersley O'Callaghan, ane vagadziri vane basa rekuonekwa kweakawanda iconic Apple Stores, aratidza izvi mukuita. Pagore rino London Design Festival, vakaratidza chivezwa chakagadzirwa chete cheGorilla Glass. Izvi zvinogona kupedzisira zvazoonekwazve pamahwindi emota. Iyo kambani parizvino iri kutaurirana nezvekushandiswa kwayo mumotokari dzemitambo.
Mamiriro ezvinhu akatenderedza girazi anotaridzika sei nhasi? MuHarrodsburg, michina chaiyo inogara ichiaisa mumabhokisi emapuranga, oatakura kuenda kuLouisville, uye ipapo oatumira nechitima akananga kuWest Coast. Pane imwe nguva, mapepa egirazi anoiswa mungarava dzinotakura zvinhu uye anotakurwa kuenda kumafekitari muChina kwaanoenda kune akati wandei maitiro ekupedzisira. Kutanga vanopiwa bhati inopisa ye potassium uye vozotemwa kuita rectangles maduku.
Zvechokwadi, pasinei nezvose zvayo zvemashiripiti, Gorilla Glass inogona kukundikana, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange "zvinobudirira". Inotyoka patinodonhedza foni, inoshanduka kuita mhungu kana yakakotama, inotsemuka kana takagara pairi. Ichiri girazi shure kwezvose. Uye ndosaka paine boka diki revanhu muCorning vanopedza nguva zhinji yezuva vachizvityora.
“Tinoidaidza kuti sando yeNorway,” anodaro Jaymin Amin sezvaanobudisa humburumbira yesimbi kubva mubhokisi. Ichi chishandiso chinowanzoshandiswa neaeronautical engineers kuyedza kusimba kwealuminium fuselage yendege. Amin, anotarisira kuvandudzwa kwezvinhu zvese zvitsva, anotambanudza chitubu musando uye anoburitsa yakazara 2 majoules esimba mumillimeter-yakatetepa pepa regirazi. Simba rakadaro richagadzira kuputika kukuru muhuni yakasimba, asi hapana chichaitika kune girazi.
Kubudirira kweGorilla Girazi kunoreva zvipingamupinyi zvakati wandei zveCorning. Kekutanga munhoroondo yayo, kambani inofanirwa kutarisana nekudiwa kwakanyanya kweshanduro itsva dzezvigadzirwa zvayo: pese painoburitsa girazi nyowani, zvinofanirwa kutarisa maitiro ayo maererano nekuvimbika uye kusimba kwakananga mukati. munda. Kuti zvidaro, timu yaAmin inounganidza mazana emafoni akatyoka. "Kukuvadza, kungave kudiki kana kukuru, kunogara kuchitangira panzvimbo imwe chete," anodaro musayendisiti Kevin Reiman, achinongedza kutsemuka kusingaonekwe paHTC Wildfire, imwe yemafoni akati wandei akaputsika patafura pamberi pake. Paunenge uchinge wawana kutsemuka uku, unogona kuyera kudzika kwayo kuti uwane pfungwa yekumanikidza iyo girazi rakaiswa; kana ukakwanisa kutevedzera mutswe uyu, unogona kuferefeta kuti wakapararira sei mukati mechinhu chose uye woedza kuzvidzivirira mune ramangwana, kungave nekugadzirisa maumbirwo kana nekuomesa kemikari.
Neruzivo urwu, vamwe vese vechikwata chaAmin vanogona kuongorora kutadza kumwechete kwezvinhu kasingaperi. Kuti vaite izvi, vanoshandisa michina yekutsikirira, kudonhedza bvunzo pagranite, kongiri uye asphalt nzvimbo, vanodonhedza zvinhu zvakasiyana pagirazi uye vanowanzo shandisa nhevedzano yemidziyo yekutambudza inotaridzika mumaindasitiri ine arsenal yemazano edhaimani. Ivo vanotova nekamera yekumhanya-mhanya inokwanisa kurekodha miriyoni mafuremu pasekondi, iyo inouya inobatsira pazvidzidzo zvekupeta kwegirazi uye kuparadzira.
Nekudaro, kuparadzwa kwese kwakadzorwa kunobhadhara kambani. Kuenzaniswa neshanduro yekutanga, Gorilla Girazi 2 ine makumi maviri muzana yakasimba (uye yechitatu vhezheni inofanira kusvika pamusika kutanga kwegore rinouya). Corning masayendisiti akawana izvi nekusundidzira kudzvanywa kweiyo yekunze dhizaini kusvika kumagumo - ivo vaive vakachengetedza neiyo yekutanga vhezheni yeGorilla Girazi - pasina kuwedzera njodzi yekuputsika kwekuputika kwakabatana nekuchinja uku. Zvakadaro, girazi chinhu chisina kusimba. Uye nepo brittle zvinhu zvinoramba kudzvanywa zvakanyanya, hazvina kusimba zvakanyanya kana zvakatambanudzwa: kana ukazvikotamisa, zvinogona kutyora. Kiyi yeGorilla Girazi ndiko kudzvanywa kweiyo yekunze layer, iyo inodzivirira mitswe kubva mukupararira mukati mechinhu chose. Paunodonhedza foni, chiratidziro chayo chinogona kusatyoka nekukasira, asi kudonha kunogona kukonzera kukuvara kwakakwana (kunyangwe kutsemuka kwemicroscopic kwakakwana) kukanganisa zvakanyanya kusimba kwechinhu. Kudonha kuduku kunotevera kunogona kuzova nemigumisiro yakakomba. Iyi ndeimwe yemigumisiro isingadzivisiki yekushanda nechinhu chiri pamusoro pekukanganisa, pamusoro pekugadzira nzvimbo isingaoneki yakakwana.
Tadzoka kufekitari yeHarrodsburg, uko mumwe murume akapfeka T-shirt yeGorilla Glass nhema ari kushanda nebepa regirazi rakatetepa kunge 100 microns (inoda kukora kwefoiri yealuminium). Muchina waanoshandisa unofambisa zvinhu zvacho nemumarori akatevedzana, kubva maari girazi rinobuda rakagonya sebepa hombe rinopenya. Ichi chinhu chakatetepa uye chinokunguruka chinonzi Willow. Kusiyana neGorilla Girazi, inoshanda zvishoma senhumbi dzokurwa, Willow inogona kufananidzwa zvakanyanya sejasi remvura. Iyo yakasimba uye yakareruka uye ine zvakawanda zvinogoneka. Vatsvagiri vepaCorning vanotenda kuti zvinhu zvacho zvinogona kuwana maapplication mune anochinjika smartphone madhizaini uye ekupedzisira-mutete OLED kuratidza. Imwe yemakambani emagetsi ingadewo kuona Willow ichishandiswa mumapanera ezuva. PaCorning, vanotofungidzira e-mabhuku ane mapeji egirazi.
Rimwe zuva, Willow achaunza 150 metres egirazi pamareel makuru. Ndiko kuti, kana mumwe munhu akairaira chaizvo. Parizvino, makoiri anogara asina basa pafekitori yeHarrodsburgh, achimirira kuti dambudziko chairo rimuke.
chinyorwa chakanaka, ndatenda!
Nyaya inofadza :) asi ndinoda kuziva kuti girazi reGorilla rakaita sei paSteve's :) sei kuratidzwa kweprojekti :) ... chaizvoizvo, mumaonero angu zvingave zvakakwana pa1 :)
Nyaya inofadza :) asi ndinoda kuziva kuti girazi reGorilla rakaita sei paSteve's :) sei kuratidzwa kweprojekti :) ... chaizvoizvo, mumaonero angu zvingave zvakakwana pa1 :)
iri mubhuku raSteve Jobs;)
Ndatenda :)
Nice one! :-)
Nice one! :-)
Ndainakidzwa chaizvo nekuverenga uye ndakadzidza zvakawanda. Kutenda kwazvo.
Chinyorwa chakanaka kwazvo, ndinokutendai nacho. Murume wacho akadzidza chimwe chinhu chinofadza. Vanyori kubva kuzive.cz uye spol vaigona kudzidza chimwe chinhu..
Aya ndiwo mafungiro andinofungidzira sevha nezveapuro! Jablickar anotungamira :) ndatenda
Kusvika kure chinyorwa chakanakisa paJablickari gore rino. Uye muSJ's CV pakanga pasina kana chidimbu cheruzivo rwakapihwa apa. Ndatenda!
Mirira, saka yekutanga iPhone yatoshandisa Gorilla, kana chii? Zvikasadaro, nyaya huru. :)
Zvakadaro. Ivo vakatochinja kubva mupurasitiki kuenda Gorilla Girazi paminiti yekupedzisira.
Chinyorwa chikuru :D…. Pane anozivawo here ane iphone 5 gorilla glass 2???
Nyaya yakanaka chose! Ndatenda!
Ndizvo chaizvo zvandiri kumirira uye nei ndauya kuno. Kungowanda uye kakawanda, ndapota!
Chinyorwa chikuru! Zvimwe zveizvi uye ndicharova pamberi pemupepeti nemuturikiri!
Ini ndinoyemura kuti panguva iyo chero "yakakomba" webhusaiti yenhau iri kunyanya kutsvaga isina kuburitswa mafoto eKate (kunyangwe maseva epamba akanganwa nezvaIveta Bartošová kwemazuva mashoma!), Jablíčkář inounza zvinyorwa zvinodzidzisa. Ndatenda! :-)
Frodo
Maita basa nechinyorwa chikuru, rambai makadaro.
Awesome article! Ndakaiverenga mune imwe chete :-), senge nyaya huru yehutikitivha (kana sainzi ngano, hehe)
Ndatenda!
Ndatenda nechinyorwa chikuru, ndinofunga zvakakosha kuisa nguva yako yekurara pane chimwe chinhu chakakosha.
great article! Ndatenda!
Oo, zvino ndashamiswa zvachose!
Kamwe zvakare, mumwe munhu achandiudza: "Inogara ingori benzi foni!".
Neimwe nzira, mune ichi chinyorwa chakanyorwa zvakanaka, ndiri kurasikirwa nefa Corning yemugove wezvombo zveUSAF. Kubva kuma60s, vakapa girazi ravo rinodziya kune imwe nzvimbo yepamberi yejongwe rendege dzehondo kuti vawedzere kuchengetedzwa kwevashandi vendege, semuenzaniso kana pakaitika kudhumhana neshiri, asi zvakare kurwisa zvombo zvinokandwa. uye kana ndisingakanganisi, vakaunganidza ruzivo rwakawanda uye ruzivo pano nezvekuvandudzwa nekugadzirwa kwezvinhu izvi. Uye sezvazvinoitika, zvakatora makore anopfuura makumi mashanu kuti matekinoroji aya asvike kuchikamu chevanhu.
Chinyorwa chakanaka, ramba wakadaro :-)
Zvakanaka, chinyorwa chakanyorwa zvakanaka chakanangana nehunyanzvi, ...hats off, thanks.
Jenda Pilsenský
Mwari chinyorwa!! BTW the Willow glass inonakidza... Ndinofarira kuona kuti rinozvibata sei parinenge ndichiedza kukoromoka kana rakaita kunge tin foil;) uye kuti rinofamba sei nekuramba.