Daniel Hruska Chigadzirwa chekutanga chine Apple's own chip chaiva iPad muna 2010. Panguva iyoyo, purogiramu yeA4 yakanga ine nheyo imwe chete uye kushanda kwayo hakugoni kuenzaniswa nechizvarwa chemazuva ano zvachose. Kwemakore mashanu, kwavewo nerunyerekupe pamusoro pekubatanidzwa kwemachipi aya mumakomputa eMac. Sezvo mafoni machipisi anowedzera nekukurumidza kuita kwavo gore rega rega, kuiswa kwavo pamatafura inyaya inonakidza kwazvo.
Yegore rapfuura 64-bit A7 processor yanga yatonyorwa se "desktop-class", zvichireva kuti yakafanana nema processor makuru pane enhare. Iyo ichangoburwa uye ine simba processor - A8X - yakaiswa muPadad Air 2. Iine macores matatu, ine mabhiriyoni matatu transistors uye kuita kwayo kwakafanana neIntel Core i5-4250U kubva kuMacBook Air Mid-2013. Hongu, mabenchmarks ekugadzira haatauri chero chinhu pamusoro pekumhanya chaiko kwemudziyo, asi zvirinani anogona kutsausa vazhinji kuti nharembozha dzanhasi dzinongove ingi yakakwenenzverwa ine touch screen.
Apple inonyatsoziva machipisi ayo eArM, saka wadii kushongedza makomputa ako nawo zvakare? Maererano neKGI Securities analyst Ming-Chi Kuo, taigona kuona maMacs ekutanga achishanda paArM processors kare 2016. Yekutanga inokwanisa processor inogona kuva 16nm A9X, inoteverwa ne10nm A10X gore rakatevera. Mubvunzo unomuka, nei Apple ichifanira kusarudza kutora danho iri kana ma processors kubva kuIntel ari kupfungaira kumusoro?
Nei ma ARM processors ane musoro
Chikonzero chekutanga chichava Intel pachayo. Kwete kuti pane chakaipa pazviri, asi Apple yagara ichitevera motto: "Kambani inogadzira software inofanirwawo kugadzira hardware yayo." Nyika yakadai ine zvayakanakira - unogona kugara uchikwiridzira zvese zviri zviviri software uye hardware kusvika padanho repamusoro. Mumakore achangopfuura, Apple yakaratidza izvi zvakananga.
Haisi chakavanzika kuti Apple inoda kuve mukutonga. Kuvhara Intel kwaizoreva kurerutsa uye kufambisa iyo yese yekugadzira maitiro. Panguva imwecheteyo, yaizoderedza mutengo wekugadzira machipisi. Kunyange zvazvo hukama huripo pakati pemakambani maviri aya huri nani - iwe ungada kusavimba nemumwe kana iwe uchiziva kuti unogona kugadzira chinhu chimwe chete nemutengo wakaderera. Pamusoro pazvo, iwe waizogona kusimudzira zvese ramangwana iwe pachako, pasina chikonzero chekuvimba nemunhu wechitatu.
Pamwe ndakazviita pfupi, asi ichokwadi. Uye zvakare, yanga isiri nguva yekutanga kuti shanduko yemugadziri we processor aitike. Muna 1994 yaive shanduko kubva Motorola 68000 kuenda IBM PowerPC, ndokuzoenda kuIntel x2006 muna 86. Apple zvirokwazvo haityi kuchinja. 2016 inomaka makore gumi kubva pakuchinja kuenda kuIntel. Makumi gumi muIT inguva yakareba, chero chinhu chinogona kuchinja.
Makombiyuta emazuva ano ane simba rakakwana uye anogona kufananidzwa nemotokari. Chero mota yemazuvano inokutora kubva papoint A kuenda kunongedza B pasina matambudziko. Kuti ugare uchikwira, tenga iyo ine mutengo wakanakisa/yeshiyo yekuita uye inokubatsira iwe zvakanaka nemutengo unokwanisika. Kana iwe uchityaira kazhinji uye uchiwedzera, tenga mota mukirasi yepamusoro uye pamwe ine otomatiki transmission. Zvisinei, mari yekugadzirisa ichakwira zvishoma. Kunze-mugwagwa, iwe unogona zvechokwadi kutenga chimwe chinhu ne4 × 4 dhiraivha kana yakatwasuka-mumugwagwa mota, asi inozoshandiswa nguva nenguva uye mutengo wekushanda kwayo uchakwira.
Chiripo ndechekuti mota diki kana mota yezasi yepakati inokwana zvakakwana kune vakawanda. Zvakafanana, kune vazhinji vashandisi, "yakajairika" laptop yakakwana kuona mavhidhiyo kubva kuYouTube, kugovera mafoto paFacebook, tarisa e-mail, ridza mimhanzi, nyora gwaro muIzwi, printa PDF. Apple's MacBook Air uye Mac mini dzakagadzirirwa rudzi urwu rwekushandisa, kunyangwe dzichigona kushandiswa kune mamwe mabasa anoda kuita.
Vazhinji vashandisi vanoda vanoda kusvika kune MacBook Pro kana iMac, iyo mushure mezvose zvine mamwe maitiro. Vashandisi vakadaro vanogona kutogadzirisa mavhidhiyo kana kushanda nemifananidzo. Iyo inonyanya kudiwa yeinoda kusvika kune isingachinjiki kuita pamutengo wakakodzera, i.e. Mac Pro. Pachave nekurongeka kwehukuru hushoma hwadzo kupfuura mamwe ese ataurwa mhando, senge mota dziri kunze-mumugwagwa dzinotyairwa zvishoma pane Fabia, Octavia nedzimwe mota dzakakurumbira.
Saka, kana munguva pfupi iri kutevera Apple ichakwanisa kugadzira processor yeARM zvekuti inokwanisa kugutsa zvido zvevashandisi vayo (pakutanga, pamwe isingade kudiwa), wadii kuishandisa kumhanya OS X? Komputa yakadai yaizove nehupenyu hwebhatiri hwakareba uye inogona kunge ichingotonhodzwa, sezvo isina simba-yakawanda uye haina "kupisa" zvakanyanya.
Nei ma ARM processors asina musoro
Macs ane machipisi eARM anogona kunge asina simba rekumhanyisa Rosetta-senge layer yekumhanyisa x86 application. Kana zvakadaro, Apple yaizofanira kutanga kubva, uye vanogadzira vaizofanira kunyorazve maapplication avo nekuedza kukuru. Mumwe haagone kupokana kana vagadziri veanonyanya kufarirwa uye nehunyanzvi maapplication vangave vachida kutora danho iri. Asi ndiani anoziva, pamwe Apple yakawana nzira yekuita kuti x86 apps ifambe zvakanaka pa "ARM OS X".
Iyo symbiosis neIntel inoshanda zvakakwana, hapana chikonzero chekugadzira chero chinhu chitsva. Iwo ma processors anobva kuhofori iyi yesilicon ndeyepamusoro, uye nechizvarwa chimwe nechimwe kuita kwavo kunowedzera nekuderera kwesimba rekushandisa. Apple inoshandisa Core i5 yemhando dzakaderera dzeMac, Core i7 yemhando dzinodhura zvakanyanya kana tsika yekumisikidza, uye Mac Pro ine maXeons ane simba kwazvo. Saka iwe uchagara uchiwana simba rakakwana, mamiriro akanaka. Apple inogona kuzviwana iri mumamiriro ezvinhu apo pasina munhu anoda makomputa ayo painotyoka neIntel.
Saka zvichave sei?
Chokwadi, hapana ari kunze anozviziva. Dai ndaizotarisa mamiriro ese kubva pakuona kweApple, ndaizozvifarira kamwe machipisi akafanana akabatanidzwa mumidziyo yangu yese. Uye kana ndikakwanisa kuzvigadzira nharembozha, ndinoda kudzidzira zvakafanana kumakomputa zvakare. Nekudaro, ivo vari kuita zvakanaka panguva ino kunyangwe nema processors aripo, ayo akapihwa kwandiri zvakatsiga nemumwe akasimba, kunyangwe kuburitswa kweiyo itsva 12-inch MacBook Air inogona kunge yakanonoka chaizvo nekuda kwekunonoka kweIntel nechisumo. yechizvarwa chitsva chevagadziri.
Ndingaunza ma processor ane simba akakwana angave ari pamwero weavo vari muMacbook Air? Kana zvirizvo, ndichazokwanisa kuendesa (kana kukwanisa kugadzira) ARM zvakare mumakomputa ehunyanzvi? Ini handidi kuve nemhando mbiri dzemakomputa. Panguva imwecheteyo, ini ndinofanirwa kuve nehunyanzvi hwekumhanyisa x86 maapplication paARM Mac, nekuti vashandisi vanozoda kushandisa zvavanofarira zvikumbiro. Kana ndiinayo uye ndine chokwadi chekuti ichashanda, ndichaburitsa ARM-based Mac. Zvikasadaro, ini ndichanamatira neIntel ikozvino.
Uye zvichida zvichave zvakasiyana zvachose pakupedzisira. Kana ndirini, handina basa nemhando ye processor muMac yangu chero iine simba rakakwana pabasa rangu. Saka kana Mac yekunyepedzera iine processor yeARM ine mashandiro akaenzana neCore i5, ini ndingadai ndisina dambudziko rimwechete pakusatenga. Ko iwe, unofunga kuti Apple inokwanisa kuburitsa Mac ine processor yayo mumakore mashoma anotevera?
ARM inoreva kurasa 99.9% yesoftware inogona kushandiswa uye kushandisa komputa chete kuverenga email, Facebook neAngry shiri (hongu, ndiri kuwedzeredza nechido), uye ndinovimba hapana munhu asiri dick akazara achabvumira izvozvo. Kuchinjira kuIntel kwakarerutsa zvinhu zvakanyanya. Mushure mezvose, vanhu vashoma vari munharaunda yesainzi vanoenda kuMacy. Ndiwo maonero angu.
Kuenda kuARM kunoreva kurasikirwa kukuru kwekuenderana uye kudzvanya kwakatonyanya kupinda munzvimbo yakachengetedzwa zvakasimba yezvikumbiro zvakafanosarudzwa. Wedzera kune izvo zvirongwa zvekubvisa chiteshi che USB kubva kuMacbook Air uye mamwe mazano, uye chigumisiro ikombiyuta inongoenderana nayo pachayo, uye zvichida kunyange zvakadaro. Kwandiri zvaizoreva kupera kweMAC sezvandinoifarira:-( Asi ndiani anoziva, shanduko hupenyu ...
Nei vane isina kusimba iMac uye mini muIntel kana kuita kwavo kunenge kusisina kusimba seGeneration yekupedzisira?
Kwandiri, kuyedza angangoita aya mamodheru uye enda munzira yakafanana neRetina, mafashama zvishoma nezvishoma emutsara wechigadzirwa.
Iwe uri kukanganwa nezve chizvarwa chiri kuuya cheIntel Core M processors…
nhoroondo inodzokorora?
Ndinotenda kuti ichauya nekukurumidza. Handingashamisike kana iri mhepo yaitarisirwa. Chishandiso chevazhinji vasingaite basa rakawanda, asi kuti vafare nekofi. Ini ndinogona zvakare kufungidzira imwe mhando ye emulator yex86 uye sezvo apuro iri mukati, vazhinji vanogadzira vanomhanya kuve vekutanga kugadzira software yavo yehardware nyowani. Flusbrok ichaenda ikoko saka nei? :-)
Ini ndinofunga iyo chete drawback ingave isingaenderane neyekare software.
Kubatsira ndeye, semuenzaniso, inogona kudonha mumutengo. Kunyangwe kuMacs akachipa, Intel processor ine chipset inodhura kubva kuUSD 250. Apple inogona kugadzira A8, A9, ... processors pasi pe50 USD.
Imwe bhenefiti ingave yekushandisa iyo Metal graphics API paMacs. Kuita kweiyo quad-core A8 ine yazvino magirafu angave pane imwe nzvimbo padanho reazvino mutambo consoles.
Mavhezheni ekutanga eMacs anogona kuve neArM processors, uye iwo ane simba macs anogona kuramba ari paIntel processors. Apple ine chitoro chayo cheapp uye nharaunda yayo yekuvandudza ine muturikiri wayo. Zvirongwa zvinongoshandisa yakajairwa API yakapihwa neApple zvingave nyore kududzira kune maARM processors.
Gare gare, iwo ane simba vhezheni eMacs anogona kuve neARM neIntel processors. OS X uye iLife uye iWorks zvirongwa zvaizoshanda paARM processors uye Photoshop, Premiere, Final Cut uye zvimwe zvirongwa zvaizoramba zvichimhanya paIntel processors.
Nehurombo, iyo yakashata ingave zvakare isingaenderane neiyo software nyowani.
Nei pachifanira kuve nekusawirirana nesoftware nyowani? Ini ndinonyora chirongwa cheOS X, ndochiunganidza cheIntel neARM uye ndochitumira kuApp Store. Kana ndikangoshandisa izvo API inopa kubva kuApple, saka hapagone kuve nedambudziko nazvo. Kana ndikashandisa chimwe chinhu chakakosha kune Intel processor, hongu hazvishande. Kunze kwehunyanzvi software inoda kushanda kwepamusoro, hapana chikonzero cheizvi.
Mushandisi anovhura App Store, anodhawunirodha vhezheni yechirongwa chepurosesa yake uye anoishandisa.
Ndakamboverenga imwe nyaya kuti pavakaedza OS X pane Intel processor, vakatenga inodhura zvikuru Sony Vaio yavaigona kuwana muchitoro, uye yakashanda mumazuva maviri. Mumavhiki maviri, kunyange mapurogiramu ekutanga kubva kuApple akauya.
Mubvunzo mukuru ndewekuti Apple yaizokwanisa sei kuona kushanda kwezvirongwa zvex86 paARM. Kunyanya kushandiswa kwekambani, ingangoita nguva nenguva kushandiswa kwechimwe chinhu kubva kuWindows kwakakosha. Saka kana x86 Windows virtualization yaigona kushanda paARM pasina kurasikirwa kunoonekwa kwekuita, sezviri pachena vashandisi havangaite hanya kuti processor iripi ipapo semhedzisiro. Asi ndinotya kuti zvaisazoita pasina kudiwa kwekutevedzera uye kudonha kwakakosha kwekuita. Asi ndiani anoziva. Semuyenzaniso, Cupertino akakwanisa kuwana yakanakira nzira yekutevedzera processor architecture nenzira yekuchengetedza kuita kwepamusoro uye kushanda nesimba kwemhinduro yakadaro.
Apple haifanire kuichengetedza. Atova neapp store yake. Zvakakwana kuve nechokwadi chekuti vanogadzira vane nguva yekuchinjisa zvirongwa zvavo kuARM, izvo zvisingafanirwe kuve dambudziko. Uye pane imwe nguva ini ndichave ndichitengesa Macs neIntel processors.
Panofanirwa kuve nemusimboti mutsva weARM gore rinouya uye kuita kwacho kunofanirwa kunge kwakakwirisa kakapetwa katatu pane yazvino, kuitira kuti kuteedzera kunogona kukundwa.
Ini ndinogona kufungidzira kuti gore rinouya kuWWDC, Apple ichaunza OS X pane ARM processors, ichipa vanogadzira mac mini ine ARM processor kuti vaedze zvirongwa zvavo, uye imwe nguva mwedzi mitanhatu pamberi peKisimusi ichatanga kutengesa zvinyorwa zvemac mini, macbook. mhepo uye iMac ine ARM processors. Uye kwapera gore, Intel inosiya ma processor chete mu15 ″ macbook pro, 27 ″ iMac uye Mac Pro. Uye dzimwe nguva mumakore 2-3 Intel inosiya processor chete muMac Pro.
Sei kusapindirana? Windows 10 ikozvino ichamhanya paARM. Trď ishanduro itsva yeRasPi 2 ine ARM SoC kubva kuBroadCom, uye Windows inofanirwa kushanda ipapo. Saka ini handioni chikonzero nei kwete ARM paMac. IBM PowerPC maapplication akanyorwa zvakare uye akaunganidzwa kune x86 mirairo apo Apple yakatanga neIntel. Kune Apple, iyo ARM yekuvakisa yaizonyanya kubatsira munzira yekuenderera mberi miniaturization uye yakareruka, yakawanda yakavanzika michina, uye neBigLITTLE tekinoroji, kunyangwe iine mamwe macores, bhatiri raizogara kwenguva refu. Iyo yaizoshandisa machipisi ayo mamwechete pamaPhones, iPads, Macs, Apple TVs, uye nezvimwe zvese zvayave nazvo zvino.
Kunyanya kuitira kuti ivo vagone kukwirisa zvakanyanya kana vachimhanya pane dzakasiyana HW.