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Steve Jobs - zvinyorwa kubva mubhuku I.

Libor Kubín
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Vadiwa vaverengi, Jablíčkář inokupa chete mukana wekuverenga akati wandei kubva mubhuku riri kuuya rehupenyu raSteve Jobs, iro richasvika muCzech Republic musi wa15 Mbudzi. pre-order, asi panguva imwe chete kutarisa mukati maro ...

Ndapota cherechedza kuti chinyorwa ichi hachina kuongororwa.

Tinotanga nechitsauko 25.

Creative principles

Kubatana kweMabasa naIve

Apo Jobs, mushure mekutora chigaro chemukuru wenguva pfupi munaGunyana 1997, akadana vatungamiri vepamusoro pamwe chete uye vakapa hurukuro inomutsa, pakati pevateereri paiva neBriton ane makore makumi matatu ane njere uye ane shungu, mukuru weboka rekugadzira kambani. Jonathan Ive - kuna Jons vese - aida kusiya Apple. Haana kuenderana nekambani yakanangana nekuwedzera purofiti pane kugadzira chigadzirwa. Kutaura kwaMabasa kwakaita kuti afungezve nezvechinangwa ichocho. "Ndinoyeuka zvakajeka apo Steve akataura kuti chinangwa chedu hachisi chekungoita mari, asi kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakanaka," anoyeuka kudaro Ive. "Sarudzo dzinobva pauzivi uhwu hwakasiyana zvachose nedzatakamboita kuApple." Ive naJobs vakakurumidza kugadzira chisungo chakasimba icho chakazoita kuti pave nekubatana kwemaindasitiri-dhizaini munguva yavo.

Ive akakurira muChingford, taundi riri kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweLondon. Baba vake vaiva mupfuri wesirivha uyo akazotanga kudzidzisa pachikoro cheko. “Baba imhizha inoshamisa,” anodaro Ive. “Rimwe zuva sechipo cheKisimusi akandipa zuva renguva yake patakaenda kumusangano wechikoro tese, pazororo reKisimusi, pasina munhu, uye ikoko akandibatsira kugadzira zvese zvandakauya nazvo. Chimiro chaive chekuti Jony aifanira kuve nezvose, dhizaini neruoko zvaanoda kugadzira. “Ndagara ndichiona kunaka kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa nemaoko. Gare gare ndakaona kuti chinhu chinonyanya kukosha kutarisira kunoita munhu. Ndinozvivenga apo kusava nehanya uye kusava nehanya zvinogona kuonekwa muchigadzirwa. "

Ive akaenda kuNewcastle Polytechnic uye akashanda mudhizaini yedhizaini munguva yake yekuzorora uye mazororo. Chimwe chezvaakasika chaive chinyoreso chine bhora diki kumusoro raigona kutambwa naro. Kutenda kune izvi, muridzi akagadzira hukama hwepfungwa nepeni. Sedzidziso yake, Ive akagadzira maikorofoni yemusoro - yakagadzirwa nepurasitiki chena - kutaurirana nevana vasinganzwe. Imba yake yakanga izere nemhando dzefuro dzaakagadzira apo aiedza kuwana dhizaini yakakwana. Akagadzirawo ATM uye runhare rwakakombama, ese akahwina mubairo weRoyal Society of Arts. Kusiyana nevamwe vagadziri, haangogadziri mifananidzo yakanaka, asi zvakare anotarisa kune yehunyanzvi uye inoshanda divi rezvinhu. Imwe yenguva yekutsanangura panguva yezvidzidzo zvake yaive mukana wekuyedza ruoko rwake pakugadzira paMacintosh. "Pandakawana Mac, ndakanzwa rudzi rwekubatana nevanhu vaishanda pachigadzirwa," anoyeuka kudaro. "Pakarepo ndakanzwisisa kuti bhizinesi rinoshanda sei, kana kuti rinofanira kushanda sei."

Mushure mekupedza kudzidza, Ive akatora chikamu mukuvambwa kweTangerine dhizaini femu muLondon, iyo yakazokunda chibvumirano chekubvunzana neApple. Muna 1992, akatamira kuCupertino, California, kwaakatambira chinzvimbo mudhipatimendi rekugadzira reApple. Muna 1996, gore basa risati radzoka, akava mukuru wedhipatimendi iri, asi akanga asingafari. Amelio haana kunyanya kukosha pakugadzira. "Pakanga pasina kuyedza kutarisira zvigadzirwa nekuti taiyedza kuwedzera purofiti kutanga," anodaro Ive. "Isu vagadziri taingofanirwa kugadzira kunze kwakanaka, uye mainjiniya akave nechokwadi chekuti mukati makachipa zvakanyanya. Ndanga ndicharega."

Apo Mabasa akatora basa uye akapa hurukuro yake yekugamuchira, Ive akazosarudza kugara. Asi Mabasa pakutanga akatsvaga mugadziri wepasi rose kubva kunze. Akataura naRichard Sapper, uyo akagadzira ThinkPad yeBMM, uye Giorgetto Giugiaro, uyo akasika kugadzirwa kweFerrari 250 uye Maserati Ghibli I. Asi akazoshanyirawo dhipatimendi rekugadzira reApple, kwaakashamiswa nehushamwari, kushingaira uye anongwarira zvikuru Ive. "Takakurukura nzira dzemafomu uye zvinhu pamwe chete," anoyeuka kudaro Ive. "Ndakaona kuti tese taive takatarisana nesame wave. Uye ndakanzwisisa chikonzero nei ndichida kambani zvakanyanya. "

Mabasa akazonditsanangurira ruremekedzo rwaakabata narwo Ive:

"Kubatsira kwaJony kwete kuApple chete, asi kupasi rose, kwakakura. Munhu akangwara zvikuru uye ane unhu hwakasiyana-siyana. Anonzwisisa nyaya dzebhizimisi uye dzekutengesa. Anokwanisa kubata zvinhu zvizere. Anonzwisisa nheyo dzenzanga yedu zviri nani kupfuura chero ani zvake. Kana ndine shamwari yangu yepamoyo kuApple, ndiJony. Tinouya nezvizhinji zvezvigadzirwa pamwe chete, tobva taenda kune vamwe tovabvunza kuti, 'Munofungei pamusoro peizvi?' Anokwanisa kuona zvese zvechigadzirwa chimwe nechimwe pamwe nediki diki. Uye anonzwisisa kuti Apple ikambani yakavakirwa zvakatenderedza zvigadzirwa. Haasi mugadziri chete. Ndiko kusaka zvichindishandira. Ari kushanda sevashoma paApple asi ini. Hapana munhu mukambani angamuudza zvokuita uye kuti oita sei kana kuti oenda. Aya ndiwo magadzirirwo andakaita.

Kufanana nevagadziri vazhinji, Ive ainakidzwa nekuongorora uzivi uye maitiro ekufunga akatungamira kune imwe dhizaini. NeMabasa, maitiro ekugadzira aive akanyanya intuitive. Akasarudza mamodheru nemadhirowa zvichibva pakuti aizvida here kana kuti kwete. Ive ipapo, zvichibva pamaonero aJobs, akagadzira dhizaini yacho kusvika pakugutsikana kwake.
Ive aive fan weGerman maindasitiri mugadziri Dieter Rams, aishandira Braun, kambani yemagetsi yevatengi. Rams akaparidza evhangeri ye "zvishoma asi zvirinani" - weinerig aber besser - uye, saJobs naIve, vakanetsana nega yega dhizaini kuti vaone kuti yaigona kurerutswa. Kubva apo Mabasa akazivisa mubhurocha rake rekutanga reApple kuti "kukwana kukuru kuri nyore," agara achitsvaga kureruka kunobva mukugona zvese zvakaoma, kwete kuzvifuratira. "Ibasa rakaoma," akadaro, "kuita chimwe chinhu chakareruka, kunyatsonzwisisa matambudziko ese uye matambudziko anogona kuitika, uye kuuya nemhinduro yakanaka."

Muna Ive, Mabasa akawana mweya weukama mukutsvaga kwake kwechokwadi, kwete kwekunze, kureruka.
Ive akambotsanangura huzivi hwake mune yake yekugadzira studio:

"Nei tichifunga kuti zviri nyore zvakanaka? Nemhaka yokuti nezvigadzirwa zvomuviri, munhu anofanira kunzwa kuti anozvidzora, kuti ndiye tenzi wazvo. Kuunza kurongeka kune kuoma ndiyo nzira yekuita kuti chigadzirwa chiteerere iwe. Kupfava hakusi kungoona maitiro. Haisi minimalism chete kana kusavapo kwemhirizhonga. Ndezvekunyura mukudzika kwekuoma. Kuti chinhu chive chakareruka zvechokwadi, iwe unofanirwa kupinda mukati machiri. Semuenzaniso, kana iwe ukaedza kusave nema screws pane chimwe chinhu, unogona kupedzisira uine yakaoma kwazvo, yakaoma chigadzirwa. Zviri nani kupinda zvakadzika uye kunzwisisa chigadzirwa chose uye kuti chinogadzirwa sei. Ipapo chete iwe unogona kugadzira kuve nyore. Kuti ukwanise kubvisa chigadzirwa chezvikamu zvisingakoshi, unofanirwa kunzwisisa zvakadzama mweya wacho. "

Mabasa naIve vakagovana iyi musimboti wakakosha. Kwavari, dhizaini haina kungoreva kuti chigadzirwa chinotaridzika sei kubva kunze. Magadzirirwo acho aifanira kuratidza hunhu hwechigadzirwa. "Mumutauro wevanhu vazhinji, dhizaini inoreva tinsel," Jobs akaudza Fortune nguva pfupi mushure mekutora matomu kuApple zvakare. "Asi kwandiri, kunzwisisa uku kuri kure nemabatiro andinoita dhizaini. Dhizaini ndiwo mweya wekutanga wekusikwa kwevanhu, unozviratidza mune mamwe mazinga ekunze. "
Naizvozvo, paApple, maitiro ekugadzira chigadzirwa dhizaini yakabatana zvisingaite nekuvakwa kwayo kwehunyanzvi uye kugadzira. Ive anotaura nezveimwe yeApple's Power Macs: "Taida kuibvisa zvese izvo zvaisanyanya kukosha," anodaro. “Izvi zvaida kudyidzana kwakanyanya pakati pevagadziri, vanogadzira, mainjiniya nechikwata chekugadzira. Takadzokera kumavambo zvakare uye zvakare. Tinoda chikamu ichi here? Zvinoita here kuti iite basa rezvimwe zvikamu zvina?”
Manzwiro akaita Mabasa naIve nezve kubatanidza dhizaini yechigadzirwa uye hunhu hwayo nekugadzirwa kwayo kunoratidzwa pavakamboenda kuchitoro chekicheni pavaifamba muFrance. Ive akatora banga raaida, asi pakarepo akariisa pasi mukuora mwoyo. Mabasa akaita zvimwe chetezvo. "Tese takaona kasarira nenamo pakati pechibatiso neblade," anoyeuka kudaro Ive. Vakazotaura vese magadzirirwo akanaka ebanga rakavigwa chose nemagadzirirwo akaitwa banga. Hatidi kuona mapanga atinoshandisa akabatanidzwa,” anodaro Ive. "Ini naSteve tinoona zvinhu zvinoparadza kuchena uye zvinokanganisa kukosha kwechigadzirwa, uye isu tese tinofunga nezve maitiro ekuita kuti zvigadzirwa zvedu zviratidzike zvakachena uye zvakakwana."

Iyo Jony Ive-inotungamira dhizaini studio pauriri hwepasi hweInfinite Loop 2 chivakwa paApple's campus yakavanzwa kuseri kwetinted windows nemagonhi anorema ezvombo. Kumashure kwavo kune imba yekugamuchira magirazi, apo vabatsiri vaviri vechikadzi vanorinda mukova. Kunyangwe vazhinji vashandi veApple havana mukana wemahara pano. Mazhinji ekubvunzurudzwa kwandakaita naJony Ive kwebhuku iri kwakaitika kune imwe nzvimbo, asi pane imwe nguva, muna 2010, Ive akaronga kuti ndipedze masikati mu studio, ndichitarisa zvinhu zvose uye kutaura pamusoro pekuti pano Ive naMabasa vakashanda pamwe chete.

Kuruboshwe kwemusuwo kune nzvimbo yakazaruka apo vagadziri vechidiki vane madhesiki avo, uye kurudyi kune imba huru yakavharwa ine matafura matanhatu esimbi marefu kwavanoshanda pamhando dziri kuuya. Kuseri kwekamuri huru kune studio ine nhevedzano yemakomputa yekushandira, kubva kwaunopinda mukamuri ine michina yekuumba inoshandura izvo zviri pamamonitor kuita mafoam modhi. Tevere, pane chamber ine spray robhoti inoita kuti mamodheru ataridzike chaiwo. Inoomesera uye maindasitiri pano, ese mune metallic grey decor. Korona yemiti iri shure kwemahwindo inogadzira nhamba dzinofamba pagirazi rakasviba remahwindo. Techno uye jazz ruzha kumashure.

Chero bedzi Mabasa aive akagwinya, aidya masikati naIve anenge mazuva ese, uye masikati vaienda kunoona studio pamwe chete. Pakarepo pakupinda, Mabasa akaongorora matafura ezvigadzirwa zvaizouya kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti anoenderana nehurongwa hweApple, achiongorora maitiro arikubuda emumwe nemumwe nemaoko ake. Kazhinji vaingove vari vaviri. Vamwe vagadziri vakangotarisa kumusoro kubva kubasa ravo pavakasvika, asi vakaramba vari kure neruremekedzo. Kana Mabasa aida kugadzirisa chimwe chinhu chakananga, aidaidza mukuru wekugadzira michina kana mumwewo munhu kubva pasi paIve. Paakanga achifarira chimwe chinhu kana aine zano nezve zano rekambani, dzimwe nguva aiunza CEO Tim Cook kana mukuru wezvekushambadzira Phil Schiller naye ku studio. Ive anotsanangura kuti zvakafamba sei:

“Iyi imba inoshamisa ndiyo chete nzvimbo mukambani yese maunogona kutarisa-tarisa uye kuona zvese zvatiri kushanda. Steve paanosvika anobva agara pane imwe tafura. Semuenzaniso, patinenge tichishanda pa iPhone itsva, anotora chigaro uye anotanga kutamba nemhando dzakasiyana, achivabata uye achivashandura mumaoko ake uye achitaura kuti ndeupi waanonyanya kufarira. Anobva atarisa mamwe matafura, ndini naye chete, oongorora kuti zvimwe zvigadzirwa zviri kugadzirwa sei. Nepakarepo, anowana pfungwa yemamiriro ese ezvinhu, kusimudzira kwazvino kweiyo iPhone, iPad, iMac uye laptop, zvese zvatinobata nazvo. Nekuda kweizvi, anoziva izvo kambani inoshandisa simba pazviri uye kuti zvinhu zvakabatana sei kune mumwe nemumwe. Uye dzimwe nguva anoti: ‘Zvine musoro here kuita izvi? Tinokura zvakanyanya pano,' kana zvimwe zvakafanana. Vanoedza kuona zvinhu zvine hukama kune mumwe nemumwe, uye izvo zvinonetsa mukambani yakakura kudaro. Kutarisa pamienzaniso pamatafura, anokwanisa kuona ramangwana remakore matatu anotevera.

Chikamu chikuru chemaitiro ekugadzira kutaurirana. Isu tiri kugara tichifamba-famba pamatafura uye tichitamba nemamodheru. Steve haafarire kuongorora mifananidzo yakaoma. Anofanira kuona muenzaniso, kuibata muruoko rwake, kuibata. Uye akarurama. Dzimwe nguva ndinoshamisika kuti iyo modhi yatinogadzira inoita seyakapusa, kunyangwe yaitaridzika zvakanaka mumifananidzo yeCAD.

Steve anofarira kuuya kuno nekuti kwakanyarara uye kune runyararo. Paradhiso yemunhu anoona. Hapana kuongororwa kwemaitiro ekugadzira, hapana kuita sarudzo yakaoma. Asi, tinoita zvisarudzo zvakanaka. Sezvo isu tichishanda pane zvigadzirwa zvedu zuva nezuva, tinokurukura zvese pamwe chete nguva dzese uye tisingaite zviratidziro zveupenzi, hatiisi panjodzi yekusawirirana kukuru. "

Pazuva randakashanyira studio, Ive aitarisira kuvandudzwa kweEuropean plug uye connector yeMacintosh. Mazana emamodhi efuro akaumbwa uye akapendwa mumhando dzakanakisa dzekuongororwa. Mumwe munhu angashamisika kuti nei mukuru wedhizaini achibata nezvinhu zvakadaro, asi Mabasa pachake akabatanidzwa mukutarisira budiriro. Kubva pakusikwa kwesimba rakakosha reApple II, Mabasa ave achinetseka kwete nekuvaka chete, asiwo nekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakadaro. Iye pachake anobata patent yesimba chena "chitina" cheMacBook kana yemagnetic connector. Kuti ave akakwana: kubva pakutanga kwa2011, akanyoreswa semubatsiri pamatendi mazana maviri negumi nemaviri akasiyana muUnited States.

Ive naMabasa vaifarirawo kurongedzerwa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zveApple, zvimwe zvacho zvavakaitawo patent. Semuenzaniso, patent nhamba D558,572 yakabudiswa muUnited States muna Ndira 1, 2008 ndeye iPod nano box. Iwo mana madhirowa anoratidza kuti mudziyo wakamira sei muchembere kana bhokisi rakavhurwa. Patent nhamba D596,485, yakabudiswa munaChikunguru 21, 2009, ndeyezve nyaya ye iPhone, chivharo chayo chakasimba uye chidiki chinopenya chepurasitiki mukati.

Pakutanga, Mike Markkula akatsanangurira Mabasa kuti vanhu vanotonga "bhuku nebutiro raro," saka zvakakosha kutaurira nebutiro kuti mune gem mukati. Ingave iPod mini kana MacBook Pro, Apple vatengi vanotoziva zvazvinoita kuvhura kesi yakanyatsogadzirwa uye kuona kuti chigadzirwa chakanyatsoiswa mukati. “Ini naSteve taipedza nguva yakawanda tiri pamabutiro,” anodaro Ive. "Ndinoda kana ndikasunungura chimwe chinhu. Kana iwe uchida kuita kuti chigadzirwa chive chakakosha, funga nezvetsika yekusaputira. Packaging inogona kuve theatre, inogona kuve nyaya yapera. "

Ive, uyo aive nehunhu hwakaoma hwemuimbi, dzimwe nguva aishatirwa apo Mabasa aitora chikwereti chakawandisa. Vaaishanda navo vakadzungudza misoro yavo pamusoro petsika yake iyi kwemakore. Dzimwe nguva, Ive ndainzwa kakufinyama pamusoro peMabasa. "Akatarisa pfungwa dzangu ndokuti, 'Izvi hazvina kunaka, izvi hazvina kunaka, ndinoda izvi,'" anoyeuka kudaro Ive. “Ipapo ndakagara muvateereri ndikanzwa achitaura nezvechimwe chinhu sokunge ipfungwa yake. Ini ndinotarisisa kuti zano rega rega rinobva kupi, ndinotochengeta bhuku remazano angu. Saka ndinosuwa kana vabata imwe yezvigadzirwa zvangu. "Izvi zvinoisa Apple panjodzi huru sekambani," Ive anodaro asinganzwisisike, asi akadzikama. Anobva amira uye mushure mechinguva anobvuma kuti Mabasa arikuita basa rei chaizvo. "Pfungwa dzatinouya nadzo nechikwata changu dzinenge dzisina maturo pasina Steve atisundidzira, achishanda nesu, uye kukunda zvipingamupinyi zvingatitadzisa kushandura pfungwa dzedu kuita chigadzirwa chekongiri."

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