Adam Kos Kazhinji, isu tinonyanya kushandiswa kune chokwadi chekuti chinhu chikuru chiri, zviri nani. Asi chiyero ichi hachishande mune iyo tekinoroji yekugadzira ye processors uye machipisi, nekuti pano ndiyo yakanyatsopesana. Kunyangwe kana, maererano nekuita, isu tinokwanisa kutsauka zvishoma kubva kunhamba ye nanometer, ichiri kunyanya nyaya yekushambadzira.
Dimikira rekuti "nm" pano rinomirira kuti nanometer uye iyuniti yehurefu inosvika bhiriyoni imwe yemamita uye inoshandiswa kutaridza mipimo pachikero cheatomu - semuenzaniso, nhambwe iri pakati peatomu muzvakaoma. Mune tekinoroji tekinoroji, zvisinei, inowanzoreva "process node". Inoshandiswa kuyera chinhambwe pakati pepedyo transistors mudhizaini yema processor uye kuyera saizi chaiyo yeaya ma transistors. Makambani mazhinji echipset akadai seTSMC, Samsung, Intel, nezvimwewo anoshandisa nanometer mayunitsi mukugadzira kwavo maitiro. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti mangani ma transistors ari mukati me processor.
Zvinogona kudaro kufarira iwe
Sei zvishoma nm zviri nani
Maprosesa anoumbwa nemabhiriyoni ematransistors uye anogarwa mune imwechete chip. Iyo diki chinhambwe pakati pe transistors (inoratidzwa mu nm), iyo yakawanda inogona kukwana munzvimbo yakapihwa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, nhambwe inofambwa nemaerekitironi kuita basa inopfupikiswa. Izvi zvinoguma nekukurumidza kuita komputa, kushomeka kwesimba, kushoma kupisa uye diki saizi yematrix pachayo, iyo inozopedzisira yaderedza mutengo.
Photogallery
Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti hapana mwero wepasirese wechero kuverenga kwe nanometer kukosha. Naizvozvo, vakasiyana processor vagadziri zvakare vanoiverenga nenzira dzakasiyana. Zvinoreva kuti TSMC's 10nm haina kuenzana neIntel's 10nm uye Samsung's 10nm. Nechikonzero ichocho, kuona nhamba yenm kune imwe nhanho ingori nhamba yekushambadzira.
Zvazvino neramangwana
Apple inoshandisa iyo A13 Bionic chip mune yayo iPhone 3 yakatevedzana, iyo iPhone SE 6rd chizvarwa asiwo iPad mini 15th chizvarwa, iyo inogadzirwa ne5nm maitiro, kungofanana neGoogle Tensor inoshandiswa muPixel 6. Vakwikwidzi vavo vakananga Qualcomm's Snapdragon. 8 Gen 1 , iyo inogadzirwa uchishandisa 4nm maitiro, uyezve kune Samsung's Exynos 2200, iri zvakare 4nm. Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa kuti kunze kwenhamba ye nanometer, pane zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa mashandiro echigadzirwa, senge huwandu hwe RAM memory, iyo giraidhi unit inoshandiswa, kukurumidza kuchengetedza, nezvimwe.
Zvinotarisirwa kuti A16 Bionic yegore rino, inove moyo weiyo iPhone 14, ichagadzirwa zvakare uchishandisa iyo 4nm maitiro. Kugadzirwa kwehuwandu hwekutengesa uchishandisa iyo 3nm maitiro haifanirwe kutanga kusvika pakudonha kwegore rino kana kutanga kwegore rinouya. Zvine musoro, iyo 2nm maitiro achazotevera, iyo IBM yakatozivisa, maererano iyo inopa 45% yepamusoro kuita uye 75% yakaderera simba rekushandisa pane 7nm dhizaini. Asi chiziviso ichi hachisati chareva kugadzirwa kwevanhu vakawanda.
Zvinogona kudaro kufarira iwe
Iyo inotevera kuvandudzwa kwechipi inogona kunge iri photonics, umo madiki mapaketi echiedza (photons) achafamba panzvimbo yemaerekitironi anofamba munzira dzesilicon, achiwedzera kukurumidza uye, hongu, kutamisa mashandisiro esimba. Asi pari zvino yangove mimhanzi yeramangwana. Mushure mezvose, nhasi vagadziri ivo pachavo vanowanzo shongedza zvishandiso zvavo zvine simba processors zvekuti havagone kushandisa yavo yakazara uye kune imwe nhanho zvakare kudzoreredza mashandiro avo neakasiyana software tricks.
